Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic molecules

A

Molecules containing carbon atoms with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, diamond, graphite, carbonates (or bicarbonates), carbides and cyanides.

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

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3
Q

A functional group

A

An atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule.

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4
Q

A homologous series

A

A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit.

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5
Q

Alkanes

A

Contain only single bonds and have the general formula CnH2n + 2.

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6
Q

Alkenes

A

Contain at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in the chain and have the general formula CnH2n.

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7
Q

Alkynes

A

Contain at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms in the chain and have the general formula CnH2n -2.

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8
Q

Molecular formula

A

A chemical formula which shows how many atoms of each element there are within the molecule. e.g. C4H10.

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9
Q

Structure formula

A

A diagram which shows exactly where each atom within the molecule is found.

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10
Q

Condensed structural formula

A

Shows how many hydrogen atoms, and or other atoms, are connected to each carbon atom.

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11
Q

Catenation

A

The ability of carbon to bond with itself.

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12
Q

A saturated compound

A

A compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds.

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13
Q

An unsaturated compound

A

A compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms.

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14
Q

Combustion reaction

A

A chemical reaction where a substance burns in oxygen and releases energy and a gas.

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15
Q

Esterification reactions

A

When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester. The reaction is catalysed by concentrated sulphuric acid.

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16
Q

Structural isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.

17
Q

Van der Waals forces

A

Weak intermolecular forces. In Organic chemistry the Weakest type = London forces (dispersion forces) and the stronger type = dipole-dipole
forces.

18
Q

Hydrogen bonding forces

A

Strong intermolecular forces. Found between NH3, H2O and HF molecules. Also found between molecules of alcohols and molecules
of carboxylic acids in organic chemistry.