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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon ?

A

A compound made up of hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

What is crude oil ?

A

A mixture of different length hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Describe an alkanes ?

A

Hydrocarbon with single bonds only

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4
Q

What alkane has 1 carbon and 4 hydrogen ?

A

Methane

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5
Q

Which alkane has 3 carbons and 8 hydrogen ?

A

Propane

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6
Q

What are the 4 alkanes you need to know how to recognise ?

A

Methan
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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7
Q

How many bonds can one atom of carbon form ?

A

4 strong bonds

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8
Q

Where is crude oil found ?

A

Found in rocks its finite

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9
Q

What is crude oil ?

A

A biomass

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10
Q

What’s the name of series for alkanes ?

A

Homologous series

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11
Q

How is crude oil naturally formed ?

A

Dead animals and plankton from millions of years ago

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12
Q

What is fractional distillation ?

A

The extraction of the 4 chemicals out of crude oil using heating

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13
Q

Why can you do fractional distillation to crude oil ?

A

Because all 4 chemicals each have different boiling points so they can be separated by heating

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14
Q

What’s the thing called that separates each one of the gases from crude oil ?

A

Fractionating Column

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15
Q

2 main steps of fractional distillation ?

A
  1. Heating up oil into a gas
  2. Putting into into the fractionating column for separation of the gases for different uses
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16
Q

What are the 5 things produced from the fractionating distillation ?

A

Petrol, kerosene, diesel, heavy fuel oil, bitumen

17
Q

Which fuels are the most flammable created ?

A

Diesel
Kerosene
Petrol

This is why they are the most frequently used

18
Q

What are the longer chained carbons attributes ?

A

Viscous
Not very flammable

19
Q

What are the two types of cracking ?

A

Steam cracking

Catalytic cracking

20
Q

What do you need for catalytic cracking ?

A

Hot powdered aluminium oxide
Vaporised hydrocarbon

21
Q

What do you need for steam cracking ?

A

Steam
Heat
Vaporised hydrocarbon

22
Q

What does cracking do ?

A

Spits long hydrocarbon chains into shorter ones

23
Q

What does an alkene have over an alkane ?

A

A double not single bond

24
Q

What’s the test for alkenes ?

A

Bromine water and solution of alkenes which turns colourless

25
Q

How do you measure RF rate ?

A

Distance of water/distance of solvent

26
Q

Describe a hydrocarbon in simple form ?

A

Only hydrogen and carbon

27
Q

Describe fossil fuel formation ?

A
  1. Animals die and plants
  2. Buried in ground
  3. High temperature causes pressure
  4. Millions of years to form
28
Q

What does cracking do ?

A

Breaks long chains into shorter ones that are more useful as they are better fuels

29
Q

What does cracking need ?

A

Cracking needs high temperature and a catalyst

30
Q

How can you tell the difference between alkanes and alkenes bonds ?

A

Alkenes have double e’s just like they have double bonds

31
Q

What’s the general formula for an alkane ?

A

CnH2n+2

32
Q

What’s the general formulae for an alkenes ?

A

CnH2n

33
Q

What’s the test for alkenes ?

A

Bromine water and it will turn colourless

34
Q

What’s the test for an alkanes ?

A

Bromine water and it will turn orange

35
Q

What’s the conditions used for steam cracking ?

A

Water vapour

High temp

36
Q

Why is the process of cracking important in industry ?

A

Helps create useful petrols and other fuels for important things

Chemistry (10 decks)

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