Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when atomic orbitals combine?

A

Molecular orbitals are formed.

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2
Q

What is the result of two atomic orbitals combining?

A

Results in an anti-bonding and a bonding molecular orbital.

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3
Q

What does the bonding molecular orbital encompass?

A

Both nuclei.

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4
Q

What is the basis of bonding between atoms?

A

The attraction of positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons in the bonding molecular orbital.

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5
Q

How many electrons can each molecular orbital hold?

A

Two.

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6
Q

How are sigma bonds formed?

A

Formed by end-on overlap of S and/or P orbitals, (2S, 2P or 1S & 1P)

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7
Q

How are pi bonds formed?

A

Side-on overlap of only P orbitals.

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8
Q

How can the shape and bonding of carbon be explained?

A

By hybridisation.

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9
Q

What is hybridisation?

A

It is the process of mixing atomic orbitals within an atom to generate a set of new atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals which are degenerate.

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10
Q

What does degenerate mean?

A

Same energy.

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11
Q

What kind of hybridisation occurs in alkanes?

A

SP^3

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12
Q

What bonds does sp3 hybridisation create?

A

Sigma bonds only

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13
Q

What is sp3 made up of?

A

1 2S & 3 2P

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14
Q

Alkanes contain what kind of bonds?

A

C-C (Single bonds)

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