Organic chemistry Flashcards
What can carbon do to itself
carbon can form strong covalent bonds to each other
what is catenation
the ability to form bonds between atoms of the same element
what forms can carbons present as
straight chains, branched chains and rings
what bonds can carbon have
single, double, or triple bonds
what structure are alicyclic hydrocarbons
ring (cyclo)
acyclic hydrocarbons can be both …
aliphatic and alicyclic
what is a aromatic compound
is a specific alicyclic compound that contains a benzene ring
why is carbon a special atom
it can form strong covalent bonds to each other
what is a molecular formula
exact number of atoms of each element present in the molecule
what is a structural formula
the minimal detail using conventional groups (single bonds not shown)
what is empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the whole number
what is a displayed formula
shows both relative placing of atoms and the number of bnods between them
what is a saturated hydrocarbon
only has single bonds
what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
has double bonds
what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon
carbon atoms joined together in a straight or branched chain (and can be cyclic but not aromatic)
what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon
carbon atoms joined in a ring structure
Define a homologous series
Series of an organic compound with the same functional group and share the same general formula
What is a skeletal formula for
Shows bonds between carbon atoms but not atoms themselves
What are the three fictional groups, what bonds do they have
Alkane, single
Allene, double
Alkynes, triple
what is a positional isomer
fictional group attached to a different carbon atom
what is a functional isomer
different functional group (members of different homologous)
def isomers
same molecular formula, different atom arrangement (excludes when molecule rotates)
def fission
breaking a covalent bond
def heterolytic fission
one of the bonded atoms takes both of the shared pair of electrons, forming ions
def homolytic fission
each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons
def radical
a species with an unpaired
def nucleophile
reactant that attacks an electron, often negative ions with lone pair
def electrophile
reactant that attacks an area of high electron density accepting an electron pair, often positive ions
def addition reaction
where two reactants combine together to form one product
def substitution reaction
where an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
def elimination reaction
where are one reactant reacts to form two products
what do curly arrows represent
the movement of a pair of electrons during the breaking of covalent bonds
what is the bond called when two orbitals overlap
a sigma bond
what are the three main categories for intermolecular forces
induced dipole-dipole interactions (London forces)
permanent dipole-dipole interactions
hydrogen bonding
