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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general chemical equation for alkanes?

A

CnH2n + 2

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2
Q

What is the general chemical equation for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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3
Q

What is crude oil formed from?

A

Ancient organisms such as plankton.

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4
Q

What property of crude oil molecules is used to separate them into different fractions?

A

Boiling point.

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5
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The ‘thickness’ of a substance.

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6
Q

What type of reaction is cracking?

A

Endothermic OR thermal decomposition.

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7
Q

Describe the process of cracking.

A

Hydrocarbons are vapourised and then passed over a hot catalyst, resulting in longer molecules breaking into smaller molecules.

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8
Q

What are all the materials formed in a fractional distillation?

A

Liquefied petroleum gasses, petrol, kerosene, diesel, heavy fuel oil, bitumen.

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9
Q

What can liquefied petroleum gasses be used for?

A

Heating and cooking.

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10
Q

What can petrol be used for?

A

Propelling vehicles and producing electricity.

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11
Q

What can kerosene be used for?

A

Cleaning agents and jet fuel.

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12
Q

What can diesel be used for?

A

Propelling vehicles.

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13
Q

What can heavy fuel oil be used for?

A

Generating motion and heat (in things that have high density or viscosity).

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14
Q

What can bitumen be used for?

A

Waterproofing, roofing and road construction.

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15
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of compounds of carbon that have different numbers of carbon atoms but the same functional group, however each successive member gets another -CH2.

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16
Q

What are organic chemicals?

A

Covalent molecules based on the element of carbon.

17
Q

What is a functional group?

A

The part of a molecule which determines how it reacts.

18
Q

What does an unsaturated molecule mean?

A

When a molecule includes double bonds.

19
Q

What does a saturated molecule mean?

A

When a molecule includes only single bonds.

20
Q

What is an alkene?

A

A molecule with a double carbon-carbon bond.

21
Q

What is meant by complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

When the carbon and hydrogen react with a good supply of oxygen in an exothermic reaction, forming water and carbon dioxide. Maximum energy is released.

22
Q

What is meant by incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

When there is a poor supply of oxygen meaning the carbon and hydrogen can’t react properly. So instead water and carbon monoxide is formed. Less energy is released.

23
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

Alcohols, plastic, polymers, fuels, lacquers, detergents etc.

24
Q

What is the word equation for a complete combustion reaction?

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water.

25
Q

What is the word equation for cracking?

A

long alkane - shorter alkane + alkene (not official).

Chemistry (2 decks)

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