Organic Chemistry

Question 1

In a molecule with 2 double bonds adjacent to each other and an alcohol, which functional group takes precedence in naming?

Answer 1

alcohol

Question 2

geminal vs vicinal diols

Answer 2

geminal = OH on same carbon
vicinal = OH on adjacent carbons

Question 3

What are the common names for 2-propanol and ethanol?

Answer 3

2-propanol = isopropyl alcohol
ethanol = ethyl alcohol

Question 4

What are common names of methanal, ethanal, propanal, and propanone?

Answer 4

methanal = formaldehyde
ethanal = acetaldehyde
propanal = propionaldehyde
propanaone = acetone

Question 5

What would be the names of the ester, amide, and anhydride derivatives of pentanoic acid? Assume the R group on the ester is -CH3 and that the amide is unsubstitutes

Answer 5

ester: methyl pentanoate
amide: pentanamide
anhydride: pentanoic anhydride

Question 6

What properties do structural isomers have in common?

Answer 6

molecular formula

Question 7

physical and chemical properties

Answer 7

physical: color, melting point, boiling point, density, odor

chemical change chemical composition - deals with reactivity

Question 8

What is the difference between a conformational and a configurational isomer?

Answer 8

conformational: stereoisomers with the same molecular connectivity at different points of rotation around a single bond
configurational: stereoisomers with differing molecular connectivity

Question 9

What is a meso compound?

Answer 9

contains chiral centers but also has a line of symmetry - overall the molecule is achiral and will not have plane-polarized light

Question 10

For each of the following Fischer projection manipulations listed below, is stereochemistry retained or inverted?

1. switching a pair of substituents
2. switching 2 pairs of substituents
3. rotating the molecule 90 degrees
4. rotating the molecule 180 degrees

Answer 10

1. switching a pair of substituents = invert
2. switching 2 pairs of substituents = retain
3. rotating the molecule 90 degrees = invert
4. rotating the molecule 180 degrees = retain