Organic Chemistry Flashcards
In a molecule with 2 double bonds adjacent to each other and an alcohol, which functional group takes precedence in naming?
alcohol
geminal vs vicinal diols
geminal = OH on same carbon vicinal = OH on adjacent carbons
What are the common names for 2-propanol and ethanol?
2-propanol = isopropyl alcohol ethanol = ethyl alcohol
What are common names of methanal, ethanal, propanal, and propanone?
methanal = formaldehyde ethanal = acetaldehyde propanal = propionaldehyde propanaone = acetone
What would be the names of the ester, amide, and anhydride derivatives of pentanoic acid? Assume the R group on the ester is -CH3 and that the amide is unsubstitutes
ester: methyl pentanoate
amide: pentanamide
anhydride: pentanoic anhydride
What properties do structural isomers have in common?
molecular formula
physical and chemical properties
physical: color, melting point, boiling point, density, odor
chemical change chemical composition - deals with reactivity
What is the difference between a conformational and a configurational isomer?
conformational: stereoisomers with the same molecular connectivity at different points of rotation around a single bond
configurational: stereoisomers with differing molecular connectivity
What is a meso compound?
contains chiral centers but also has a line of symmetry - overall the molecule is achiral and will not have plane-polarized light
For each of the following Fischer projection manipulations listed below, is stereochemistry retained or inverted?
- switching a pair of substituents
- switching 2 pairs of substituents
- rotating the molecule 90 degrees
- rotating the molecule 180 degrees
- switching a pair of substituents = invert
- switching 2 pairs of substituents = retain
- rotating the molecule 90 degrees = invert
- rotating the molecule 180 degrees = retain