organic chemistry

Question 1

explain how crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation

Answer 1

-firstly crude oil is heated to a very high temperature
-this causes the crude oil to boil
-all of the hydrocarbons eavporate and turn into gas
-the hydrocarbon vapour is fed into the fractionating column
-the fractionating column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top
-the hydrocarbon vapours rise up the column
-they condense when they reach their boiling point
liquid fractions are then removed
the remaining hydrocarbons can rise up the column these condense whne they reac htheir boiling point very long chain hydrocarbons have high boiling points
these hydrocarbons are removed at the bottom of the column
very short chain hydrocarbons have low boiling points. these dont condense they are removed at the top of the column as gases

Question 2

fractional distillation contains fractions
fractions contain hydrocarbons with similar numbers of atoms
some fractions are used as fuel
list the fuels these fractions can be used for

Answer 2

-petrol
-diesel
-liquified petroleum gas
heavy fuel oil

Question 3

some fractions are used as feedstock in the petrochemical industry
what chemicals can they be used to make

Answer 3

• detergents
• poymers
• solvents
• lubricants

Question 4

what is meant by feedstock

Answer 4

feedstock means chemicals used to make other chemicals