Organic chemistry Flashcards
saturated and unstaurated hydrocarbon
Saturated = single bonds only Unsaturated = contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds (double or triple)
Functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
Structural isomers
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
aliphatic
a compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
alicyclic
an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatc rings with or without side chains
aromatic
a compound containing a benzene ring
homolytic fission
each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals
heterolytic fission
one bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair
sigma bond
an overlap of two orbitals, one from each bonding atom
free radical
an atom/group of atoms that have a single unpaired electron
pi bond
sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals above and below the bonding C atoms
stereoisomers
compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space
E/Z isomerism
an example of stereoisomerism, in terms of restricted rotation about a double bond and the requirement for two diferent groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group
cis/trans isomerism
a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups atached to each
carbon atom of the C=C group are the same
