Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is crude oil ?

A

a mixture of hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a hydrocarbon ?

A

molecules made from only carbon and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are hydrocarbons classified ?

A

how the carbons are bonded together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the types of hydrocarbon ?

A

alkanes

alkenes

alkynes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are alkanes ?

A

alkanes are hydrocarbons that are fully saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define saturated

A

holding as much as it can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what bonds do hydrocarbons contain ?

A

all single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the general formula for alkanes ?

A

CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do you identify an alkane ?

A

the name ends in -ane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does the temperature change in a fractioning column ?

A

hot at the bottom getting cooler until it is cold at the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name 3 properties of short chain molecules

A

low boiling point

low viscosity (easily flows)

high flammability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name 3 properties of long chain molecules

A

high boiling point

high viscosity (does not easily flow)

low flammability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name one way liquids can be separated ?

A

distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is combustion ?

A

burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens when hydrocarbons are burned ?

A

energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the components needed for combustion

A

fuel

heat

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of reaction is combustion ?

A

oxidation –> an oxide is created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the products of complete combustion ?

A

carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the products of incomplete combustion ?

A

carbon monoxide

carbon (soot)

water

20
Q

how is complete combustion achieved ?

A

excess oxygen

21
Q

why is incomplete combustion dangerous ?

A

carbon monoxide is toxic and can cause death

carbon (soot) can cause lung issues and global dimming

22
Q

why do hydrocarbons make useful fuels ?

A

they release lots of energy

23
Q

name 3 properties of an alkane

A

saturated

all single bonds

unreactive

24
Q

what makes fractioning possible ?

A

the strength of intermolecular forces

25
Q

what is volatility ?

A

how easily something turns into a gas

26
Q

what is flammability ?

A

how easily something ignites

27
Q

what is cracking ?

A

breaking down (cracking) longer hydrocarbon chains in to shorter (more useful) chains

28
Q

what are the products of cracking ?

A

alkAnes and alkEnes

29
Q

why is there demand for small alkanes ?

A

they are useful as fuels

30
Q

what are alkenes ?

A

molecules that contain a C=C bond so are unsaturated

31
Q

what is used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes ?

A

bromine water

32
Q

what does an alkene do to bromine water ?

A

decolourises the water

++NEVER say makes it clear/see-through

33
Q

what happens when an alkane goes into bromine water ?

A

nothing

34
Q

how is crude oil formed ?

A

layers of dead sea creatures settled to the sea bed

layers of rock formed over the layer

in absence of oxygen oil is formed

35
Q

what can hydrocarbons be used to make ?

A

plastics

polymers

dyes

detergents

pharmaceuticals

perfumes

flavourings

36
Q

what is a homologous series ?

A

a family of compounds with the same general formula but the chains have different numbers of carbon atoms

37
Q

what are the first 4 alkanes ?

A

methane

ethane

propane

butane

38
Q

what is the prefix for one carbon atom ?

A

meth-

39
Q

what is the prefix for two carbon atoms ?

A

eth-

40
Q

what is the prefix for three carbon atoms ?

A

prop-

41
Q

what is the prefix for four carbon atoms ?

A

but-

42
Q

what is needed for complete combustion ?

A

excess oxygen

43
Q

what causes incomplete combustion ?

A

limited supply of oxygen

44
Q

complete combustion equation

A

alkane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

45
Q

incomplete combustion equation

A

alkane + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + water

alkane + oxygen –> carbon + water

Chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions