organic chemistry Flashcards
what is crude oil ?
a mixture of hydrocarbons
what is a hydrocarbon ?
molecules made from only carbon and hydrogen
how are hydrocarbons classified ?
how the carbons are bonded together
what are the types of hydrocarbon ?
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
what are alkanes ?
alkanes are hydrocarbons that are fully saturated
define saturated
holding as much as it can
what bonds do hydrocarbons contain ?
all single bonds
what is the general formula for alkanes ?
CnH2n+2
how do you identify an alkane ?
the name ends in -ane
how does the temperature change in a fractioning column ?
hot at the bottom getting cooler until it is cold at the top
name 3 properties of short chain molecules
low boiling point
low viscosity (easily flows)
high flammability
name 3 properties of long chain molecules
high boiling point
high viscosity (does not easily flow)
low flammability
name one way liquids can be separated ?
distillation
what is combustion ?
burning
what happens when hydrocarbons are burned ?
energy is released
name the components needed for combustion
fuel
heat
oxygen
what type of reaction is combustion ?
oxidation –> an oxide is created
what are the products of complete combustion ?
carbon dioxide + water
what are the products of incomplete combustion ?
carbon monoxide
carbon (soot)
water
how is complete combustion achieved ?
excess oxygen
why is incomplete combustion dangerous ?
carbon monoxide is toxic and can cause death
carbon (soot) can cause lung issues and global dimming
why do hydrocarbons make useful fuels ?
they release lots of energy
name 3 properties of an alkane
saturated
all single bonds
unreactive
what makes fractioning possible ?
the strength of intermolecular forces
