Organic Chemistry 1

Question 1

Homologous Series

Answer 1

Name of organic chemical families. E.g alcohols is a homologous series. To be apart of a specific series the organic chemical has to have the same functional group

Question 2

Functional Group

Answer 2

Specific atoms of an organic molecule that defines the properties and is the part that reacts with other molecules

Question 3

Saturated

Answer 3

An organic molecule without the presence of a double bond

Question 4

Unsaturated

Answer 4

An organic molecule with a double bond

Question 5

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Answer 5

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight or branched chain

Question 6

Alicyclic Hydrocarbon

Answer 6

Atoms of a hydrocarbon in a ring structure

Question 7

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Answer 7

Contain at least one benzene ring

Question 8

Naming organic molecule rules

Answer 8

1. The number of C atoms bonded together
2. The presence of the functional group bonded to the C chain
3. The position of the Functional group

Question 9

General formula

Answer 9

Simplest algebraic formulae

Alkanes = Cn H 2n+2

Question 10

Empirical Formula

Answer 10

The snakes while number ratio

Eg hexane = C3H7

Question 11

Structural formula

Answer 11

Gives minimum detail of the arrangement

Question 12

Molecular formula

Answer 12

Shows the numbers and types of stones in a compound

Question 13

Displayed formula

Answer 13

Shows the positions and bonds of atoms

Question 14

Skeletal formula

Answer 14

Lines to represent alkyl chains and every corner represents a carbon

Question 15

Isomers

Answer 15

Molecules with the same molecule formula but arranged in different ways

Question 16

Structural Isomers

Answer 16

1. Positional
2. Functional group
3. Chain

Question 17

Positional

Answer 17

The skeleton and the functional group could be the same only with the functional group attached to a different carbon atom

Question 18

Functional Group (Isomer)

Answer 18

The same atoms can be arranged into different functional groups

Question 19

Chain (Isomers)

Answer 19

Carbon skeleton can be arranged differently

Question 20

Trends in boiling points of Alkanes

Answer 20

As alkane chain gets longer it’s relative molecular mass increases. Therefore more surface area contacts between adjacent molecules. This increase the number if induced dipole-dipole forces.

Question 21

Trends in boiling points of structural isomers

Answer 21

Structural isomers have different boiling points. The more branches a molecule has the less compact molecules can get. So less surface area contact so weaker forces. So lower boiling points

Question 22

Trans/Cis E/Z

Answer 22

When an alkene has two large mass bodies attached to the double bond. If they are opposite sides and the same it’s Trans if they’re opposite sides and different then it’s E. If they are sane side and the same then It’s Cis. If they are same side and different it’s Z

Question 23

Complete combustion

Answer 23

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

Question 24

Incomplete combustion

Answer 24

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen = 1. CO2 + H2O + CO

2. CO2 + H2O + C
3. CO2 + H2O + C + CO

Question 25

Radical Substitution

Answer 25

.Substitution reaction
.Takes place on gas or solutions
.only in the presence on UV light

Question 26

Initiation

Answer 26

UV light breaks the bonds equally. If it’s a molecule like Cl2 then it’s called homiletic fission. forming two radical chlorine atoms. (Radical very reactive)

Question 27

Propagation

Answer 27

Radical Chlorine atom meets a methane molecule. The radical takes a hydrogen from the methane to make HCl and a radical methane. The radical methane meets a Cl2. Taking a Cl to make 1-Chloromethane and a Radical Cl

Question 28

Termination

Answer 28

1. Two radical Cl meets to make Cl2
2. A radical Cl meets a Radical Methane to make 1-chloromethane
3. Two radical methane’s meet to make ethane