Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Organic Chemistry 1 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hydrocarbon definition

A

Compound containing carbon and hydrogen ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Saturated definitions

A

Contains single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

A

Saturated hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the general formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n + 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a molecular formula

A

number of atoms of each different element in a molecule (tells you nothing about the way they are joined)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structural formula

A

shows how the atoms are joined (bonded)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the displayed formula

A

shows ALL bonds and ALL atoms in molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the alkanes in the order of the number of the carbons in the molecules

A
  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
    -Pentane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to the boiling point as the chain length increases

A

Boiling point increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of the homologous series

A
  1. Members differ by a CH2 group
  2. Similar chemical properties (i.e. reactivity)
  3. Gradual trend in physical properties
  4. Same functional group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isomer definition

A

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

A

They are unsaturated hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Unsaturated definition

A

Contains at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the general formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are alkenes produced

A

By cracking alkanes

17
Q

Why are alkenes more reactive then alkanes

A

The double bond can break to form 2 single bonds so add other atoms (addition reaction)

18
Q

Describe a test to distinguish between butane and butene

A
  • Add Bromine water into the samples
  • If solution decolourises from orange it is butene
  • If solution stays orange it is butane
19
Q

What type of reaction happens with alkenes

A

Addition reactions

20
Q

What type of reaction happens with alkanes

A

Substitution reaction

21
Q

What will make alkanes react

A

UV light

22
Q

Explain the process of fractional distillation

A
  1. Oil is heated to about 450 °C where it vaporizes then pumped into the bottom of a tall tower called a fractionating column.​
  2. The column is very hot at the bottom but much cooler at the top. As the vaporized oil rises, it cools and condenses.​
  3. Heavy fractions (containing large molecules) have a high boiling point and condense near the bottom of the column. ​
  4. Lighter fractions (containing small molecules) have a lower boiling point and condense further up the column.​
  5. The different fractions are collected at different heights.
23
Q

Compare and contrast the reactions of alkanes and alkenes with halogens using the reactions of ethane and ethene with bromine as examples. Include reaction condition, types of reactions and names of products.

A

Alkanes:
-Needs UV light
- Substitution reaction to produce - bromoethane + Hydrogen bromide
-Be able to name the products
-SUBSTITUTION reaction

Alkenes:
-No UV required – reaction occurs readily at room temp
- Addition reaction to produce 1,2-dibromoalkane
- Be able to name the product
- ADDITION reaction

24
Q

Name the different fractions of crude oil from top to bottom

A
  • Refinery gases
  • Gasoline (Fuel for car engines)
  • Kerosine (aeroplane fuel)
  • Diesel (fuel for lorries)
  • Fuel oil (ship fuel)
  • Bitumen (road surfaces)
25
Q

Explain the relationship between molecule size and boiling point

A

The larger the hydrocarbon, the higher its boiling point
- Intermolecular forces between large molecules are stronger than the intermolecular forces between small molecules.​
- Therefore, more energy is needed to break the forces between large molecules, and so the boiling point is higher.

26
Q

How do the colour of the fractions change with the size of the molecule

A

As the molecule gets SMALLER the colour of the fraction becomes lighter, from dark brown to light brown, orange/yellow and transparent

27
Q

How does the size of the hydrocarbon affect the viscosity

A

The longer the hydrocarbon in a fraction the more viscous the fraction will be. This is because the longer chains of large hydrocarbon molecules have stronger intermolecular forces and are more easily entangled

28
Q

How does the size of the hydrocarbon affect the volatility and flammability

A

Generally, the smaller the molecules in a fraction, the more volatile and flammable the fraction.

29
Q

What are the reasons for cracking

A
  1. Produces shorter chain alkanes which are higher in demand than longer chain alkanes. e.g. we need far more octane (petrol) than actually get from crude oil and we have more bitumen than we have use for.​
  2. Cracking also produces alkenes - used to make polymers and plastics
30
Q

What are the conditions for catalytic cracking

A
  • temperature 600-700oC​
  • Catalyst of silicon dioxide (SiO2, silica) or Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3, alumina)
31
Q

What is a polymer

A

POLYMERS are long chains of molecules consisting of small repeating units called MONOMERS.​ The monomers are often ALKENES

32
Q

What is a monomer

A

MONOMERS are small molecules that join together to make polymers

33
Q

What is polymerisation

A

POLYMERISATION = the formation of long chain molecules from lots of small molecules joining together

Chemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions