Organic Chem - Types of Reactions Flashcards
WHAT IS THE BROMINE TEST FOR UNSATURATION?
AN ADDITION REACTION USING BROMINE TO GIVE THE CORRESPONDING ‘DIHALO’ PRODUCT eg. CYCLOHEXENE GIVING DIBROMOCYCLOHEXANE
THE DECOLOURISATION OF BROMINE WATER DUE TO THE CONSUMPTION OF BROMINE INDICATES WHAT?
IT IS A POSITIVE RESULT THAT INDICATES THE PRESCENCE OF A DOUBLE BOND IN THE TEST SUBSTANCE
WHAT INDICATES A NEGATIVE RESULT WHEN DOING CHEMICAL TESTS WITH ALKENES?
THE ORANGE/BROWN COLOUR IS RETAINED WITH NO REACTION INDICATING THE ABSENCE OF A DOUBLE BOND
WHAT IS A PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY ALCOHOL?
PRIMARY - ONE CARBON
SECONDARY - TWO CARBONS
TERTIARY - THREE CARBONS
MODEL THE OXIDATION TEST FOR PRIMARY ALCOHOLS
THE TEST WILL PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING ALDEHYDE eg. PROPAN-1-OL PRODUCES PROPANAL
WHAT IS AN ALDEHYDE?
HAS CARBONYL FUNCTIONAL GROUP (DOUBLE BONDED OXYGEN) WHICH IS ALWAYS AT THE END –> SUFFIX -AL
WHAT IS AN CARBOXYLIC ACID?
HAS CARBOXYL GROUP (-COOH) –> SUFFIX -OIC ACID
WHAT IS A KEYTONE?
HAS CARBONYL GROUP (DOUBLE BONDED O) AT ANY POSITION ON THE CARBON CHAIN –> SUFFIX -ONE
DESCRIBE THE TEST FOR SECONDARY ALCOHOLS…
THE OXIDATION TEST FOR SECONDARY ALCOHOLS WILL PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING KETONE eg. PROPAN-2-OL TO PROPANONE
DESCRIBE THE TESTS UNDERTAKEN TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALCOHOLS…
A POSITIVE RESULT WHEREBY THE ION OXIDISES THE ALCOHOL WILL INDICATE A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY ALCOHOL. A NEGATIVE REACTION WILL MEAN THAT IT IS A TERTIARY ALCOHOL.
WHY IS THE OXIDATION TEST UNABLE TO DETECT A TERTIARY ALCOHOL?
DUE OT THE ABSENCE OF THE HYDROGEN ON THE SAME CARBON AS THE HYDROXYL GROUP
NAME AN ALTERNATE TEST FOR TERTIARY AND SECONDARY ALCOHOLS…
LUCAS TEST: USES ZINC CHLORIDE AND HCl TO PERFORM A SUBSTITUTION REACTION WHICH WILL PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING CHLOROALKANE
DESCRIBE THE pH OF A CARBOXYLIC ACID…
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ARE WEAK ACIDS AND IN SOLUTION WILL HAVE THE CORRESPONDING WEAK ACID pH MEANING A SUITABLE INDICATOR WOULD BE THAT BELOW 7
WHAT TYPE OF TEST CAN BE DONE TO IDENTIFY A CARBOXYLIC ACID?
SODIUM CARBONATE TEST GIVES OFF CO2 AS GAS BUBBLES THROUGH THE NEUTRALISATION REACTION WITH THE CARBOXYLIC ACID
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A CARBOXYLIC ACID REACTS WITH SODIUM CARBONATE…
NEUTRALISATION RECATION: ETHANOIC ACID REACTS WITH SODIUM CARBONATE TO PRODUCE ETHANOATE, CO2 AND H2O
