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Chem (Organic Chem) > Organic Chem Test 2 > Flashcards

Organic Chem Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a benzene ring?

A

6 carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds

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2
Q

What does ortho (o) for trivial naming mean?

A

refers to naming aromatic hydrocarbons… branches on 1 and 2

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3
Q

what does meta (m) for trivial naming mean?

A

referring to aromatic hydrocarbons… branches on 1, 3

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4
Q

what does para (p) for trivial naming mean?

A

refers to aromatic hydrocarbons… branches on 1, 4

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5
Q

what does iso- mean?

A

same number of carbons on either side of a carbon attached to the molecule

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6
Q

what is toluene?

A

benzene + methyl on 1

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7
Q

what is phenol?

A

benzene + hydroxyl on 1

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8
Q

what is naphthalene?

A

two benzene rings attached together

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9
Q

what would you call a benzene ring as a substituent, which occurs in complex compounds?

A

phenyl

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10
Q

what is the function group of alcohol?

A

hydroxyl (OH)

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11
Q

a compound contains (-OH); what type of organic compound is it?

A

alcohol

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12
Q

how to name alcohols?

A

-ol. Eg. ethanol

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13
Q

what are polyalcohols?

A

contain more than one -OH group. for two, -diol; for three, -triol

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14
Q

how to name cyclic alcohols?

A

use root name of cyclic hydrocarbon, drop the “e” and replace with -ol

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15
Q

how to name aromatic alcohols?

A

it is a benzene ring with one hydroxyl… named phenol.

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16
Q

primary alcohols (1°)?

A

C with OH group attached to only one other C

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17
Q

secondary alcohols (2°)?

A

C with OH group attached with two other C

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18
Q

tertiary alcohols (3°)?

A

C with OH attached to three other C

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19
Q

function group of ethers?

A

oxygen atom (O)

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20
Q

what is an ether?

A

ether is an oxygen between two carbons

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21
Q

how to name ether?

A

count smallest branch and give ending -oxy. take longer branch name it regularly. Eg. methoxy propane

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22
Q

function group of thiol?

A

sulfhydryl (-SH)

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23
Q

how to name thiols?

A

ending with -thiol. Eg. 3-methylbutane-1-thiol

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24
Q

what do aldehydes and ketones contain?

A

carbonyl (C = O) function group

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25
Q

what is an aldehydes?

A

the oxygen is at the end (terminal). Always given carbon 1 in the chain

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26
Q

how to name aldehydes?

A

replace “-e” with “-al”. Eg. propanal

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27
Q

what is a ketone?

A

the oxygen is bonded to at least two other carbons

28
Q

how to name ketones?

A

replace “-e” with “-one”

29
Q

what is the name of oxygen when it is the substituent?

A

oxo

30
Q

function group of carboxylic acids and esters?

A

carboxyl group (-COOH)

31
Q

what are carboxylic acids?

A

-COOH group is terminal

32
Q

how to name carboxylic acids?

A

replace “-e” with “-oic acid’. Eg. propanoic acid

33
Q

what is the proper (non-IUPAC) way to name methanoic acid?

A

formic acid

34
Q

what is the proper (non-IUPAC) way to name ethanoic acid?

A

acetic acid

35
Q

how to name a carboxylic acid with a benzene ring?

A

benzoic acid

36
Q

what is an ester?

A

-COOH bonded to at least two other C. formed by condensation reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol

37
Q

how to name ester?

A

O part (alcohol part) use -yl. C=O (carboxylic acid part) replace -oic acid with -oate. Eg. methyl ethanoate

38
Q

function group of amine?

A

NH3 (ammonia)

39
Q

what is an amine?

A

one or more hydrogens are replaced by an alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, …)

40
Q

how to name primary amine (1°)?

A

replace “-e” with “amine”. Eg. pentanamine

41
Q

how to name secondary amine (2°)?

A

follow rule for 1° and use N- to indicate attachment. Eg. N-methylpropan-1-amine

42
Q

how to name tertiary amine (3°)?

A

follow 2° rule and indicate third chain with another N-. Eg. N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine

43
Q

what is the function group of amides?

A

nitrogen atom (N) and carbonyl atom (C=O)

44
Q

how to name amides?

A

similar to amides, using N-. use ending -amide. Eg. N-propyl ethanamide

45
Q

what are intermolecular forces?

A

polarity, hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals (london dispersion force and dipole-dipole)

46
Q

what are the conditions/ restrictions for polarity?

A

less than 0.4 = non-polar
0.4 to 1.7 = polar
greater than 1.7 = very polar (ionic)

47
Q

what is hydrogen bonding?

A

a H+ atom covalently bonding with N, O, F, and that same H+ attracted to another N, O, F in a different molecule

48
Q

what is london dispersion forces?

A

a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles

49
Q

what is dipole-dipole?

A

partial positive charge on one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the partial negative charge on a neighboring molecule. only occurs in polar molecules

50
Q

what is the ranking of the intermolecular forces?

A

London dispersion force < dipole-diople < hydrogen bonding

51
Q

how do the presence of functional groups affect the properties of organic compounds?

A

they may be acidic or basic. each function group is involved in particular chemical reactions

52
Q

what does saturation depend on?

A

hydrogen atoms (H+)

53
Q

how are alkanes, alkene, etc. affected by saturation (reactivity)?

A

alkanes < alkene/ alkyne
alkanes are fully saturated (have max number of hydrogens attached)

54
Q

as molecular polarity increases…?

A

boiling point increases and solubility in water increases

55
Q

what can make something more soluble?

A

anything with hydroxyl is very soluble and terminal is more soluble

56
Q

properties of alkanes?

A

london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble

57
Q

properties of alkenes?

A

london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble

58
Q

properties of alkynes?

A

london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble

59
Q

properties of aromatics?

A

london dispersion force (IMF), non-polar, insoluble

60
Q

properties of alcohols?

A

london dispersion force and h-bonding (IMF), polar, very soluble

61
Q

properties of aldehydes?

A

dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar, soluble

62
Q

properties of ketones?

A

dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar (less than aldehydes), slightly soluble

63
Q

properties of carboxylic acid?

A

dipole-dipole, london dispersion forces & hydrogen bond (IMF), polar, very soluble

64
Q

properties of ethers?

A

dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar, slightly soluble

65
Q

properties of esters?

A

dipole-dipole and london dispersion forces (IMF), polar, soluble

66
Q

properties of amines?

A

dipole-dipole, london dispersion forces & hydrogen bond (IMF), polar (less than aldehydes), soluble but decreases as saturation increases (more C get attached)

67
Q

properties of amides?

A

dipole-dipole, london dispersion forces & hydrogen bond (IMF), polar (less than aldehydes), soluble (1° > 2° > 3°)

Chem (Organic Chem) (1 decks)

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