ORGANIC CHEM:Molecule types

Question 1

What are alkanes

Answer 1

single covalent bonds between carbon atoms
fully saturated
sp3 hybridized

Question 2

Formula for noncyclic alkanes

Answer 2

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 3

1-10 prefixes for carbon atoms

Answer 3

meth-
eth- 
prop-
but-
pent-
hex-
hept- 
oct-
non-
dec-

Question 4

Isomers?

Answer 4

2+ molecules with the same formula but different shapes

Question 5

Naming alkanes

Answer 5

prefix-base-family

Ex) 2,4-dimethylhexane

Question 6

For ringed structures:

Answer 6

cyclo-(base)ane

Question 7

Alkane reactivity

Answer 7

used as non-polar solvents

fuel b/c combustion reactions are exothermic

Question 8

What are alkenes?

Answer 8

unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain C&H atoms and at least one c-c double bond
(fewer than max H’s)
C on double bond is Sp2 hybridized

Question 9

Can alkenes rotate freely around the double bond?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Naming alkenes

Answer 10

same as alkanes but with -ene

and a prefix before family to indicate location of double bond

Question 11

Why is structure important

Answer 11

determines physical properties

IE boiling points

Question 12

Cis vs trans

Answer 12

Cis-same side

trans- opposite sides

Question 13

What are alkynes?

Answer 13

unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one c-c triple bond
Carbons on triple bond are Sp hybridized and linear

Question 14

Naming of alkynes?

Answer 14

same as alkenes but with -yne

Question 15

what are Aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 15

highly unsaturated but unreactive

NO ADDITION REACTIONS

Question 16

why are aromatic hydrocarbons unreactive?

Answer 16

delocalized pi electrons confer special stability

Question 17

common names for aromatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 17

benzene, naphthalene (2 Benz), anthracene (3 benz),

Question 18

possible isomers for aromatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 18

Ortho- substituents adjacent
para- substituents opposite
meta- I carbon in-between substantiates

Question 19

What is an alcohol?

Answer 19

an oxygen inserted between H &O

Question 20

To name alcohols

Answer 20

ending in -ol

number to indicate where O is attached

Question 21

what is an Ether?

Answer 21

oxygen atom between 2 carbon atoms

Question 22

to name ethers?

Answer 22

the 2 carbon groups on either side of O are subsitents followed by ether.
H3C-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
Ex) diethyl ether

Question 23

Reactivity of ethers

Answer 23

relatively unreactive

used as solvents

Question 24

What do aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters have in common?

Answer 24

carbonyl group C=O

the 2 other substientunts determine family of compound

Question 25

What is a aldehyde?

Answer 25

when the carbonyl group has at least one hydrogen atom
-CHO
named with -al

Question 26

What is a ketone?

Answer 26

When both groups on the carbonyl group are carbon
-CO-
named with-one

Question 27

what are carboxylic acids?

Answer 27

carbonyl group with an -OH attached
suffix -oic acid
-COOH

Question 28

What are esters?

Answer 28

prepared by condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol- product being ester and water
R-COOR’

Question 29

What does R and R’ stand for

Answer 29

substituents

Question 30

To name esters?

Answer 30

1) name of alcohol

2) then acid

Question 31

What are amines?

Answer 31

organic bases with general formula R3N (where R=H of hydrocarbon group)
suffix amine

Question 32

what are Amides?

Answer 32

contain a combination of carbonyl and amine
suffix: amide
Produced through condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and amines