Organic Chem (MDY) Flashcards
What is a Functional group?
The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule
What is a Homologous series?
A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties. Each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule containing hydrogen and carbon only
What is a saturated molecule?
One containing only single bonds
What are stereoisomers?
Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different spatial arrangement of atoms
What are structural isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure
Give an example of two biological molecules that are structural isomers
Alpha and Beta glucose
What is a chain isomer?
Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain
What are position isomers?
Structural isomers that differ by having the functional group in a different position
What are functional group isomers?
Structural isomers that differ by having a different functional group
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
What is a molecular formula?
Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule
Give the molecular formula of butane
C4H10
Give the molecular formula of ethanol
C2H5OH or C2H6O
What is an empirical formula?
Formula that gives the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Give the empirical formula of butane
C2H5
Give the empirical formula of ethanol
C2H5OH
What is a general formula?
This shows the number of atoms of each element in a substance which has n carbon atoms. All molecules in a homologous series have the same general formula
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What is the Structural Formula?
Shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule
What is the structural formula of butane?
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the structural formula of ethanol?
CH3-CH2-OH
What is a displayed formula?
One that shows all the bonds and atoms in a molecule.
What is the displayed formula of ethanol?
What is the displayed formula of butane?
Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
Due to the C=C double bond
What is E-Z isomerism?
A type of stereoisomerism that occurs when two groups are attached to both Carbons in a double bond
Steps to calculating empirical formula
- Write out mass or percentage of each element
- Divide each mass or % by the Ar of the element
- Divide all values by smallest number
% Yield equation:
Atom economy equation:
E or Z isomer?
Z
E or Z isomer?
E
