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Chem > Organic Chem Lab (I) Final > Flashcards

Organic Chem Lab (I) Final Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the protective equipment for ochem lab?

A

GOGGLES*
lab coat (recommended)
gloves (recommended)

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2
Q

what do you do if there’s a small fire?

A

fire blanket

fire extinguisher

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3
Q

what do you do if there’s a large fire?

A

EVACUATE

TA calls fire dept

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4
Q

what do you do if there’s a minor injury?

A

wash it with soap and water

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5
Q

what do you do if a chemical gets in your eye?

A

emergency eye wash station

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6
Q

what do you do if there’s a major injury?

A

inform TA
fill out incident report
use emergency shower if needed
see a doc

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7
Q

what do you do if there’s an acid spill?

A

neutralize w/ bicarb

clean like normal

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8
Q

what do you do if there’s an organic spill?

A

wipe up
treat with acetone
wipe up again (with gloves on!)

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9
Q

how are molecules held together?

A

various intermolecular forces

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10
Q

how are solid molecules held together?

A

neatly, lattice, little wiggle room

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11
Q

how are liquid molecules held together?

A

randomly, no particular order

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12
Q

melting

A

increased energy of a substance

going from a solid to a liquid

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13
Q

melting point

A

point at which a solid is completely melted

usually a range from when it starts until it’s complete

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14
Q

what do impurities in a substance to do the melting point?

A

they decrease the MP

lattice packing

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15
Q

eutectic point

A

a “dip” in the melting point diagram of the MP of TWO compounds

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16
Q

how does the melting point of TWO substances compare to that one just ONE

A

it tends to be lower

have a wider range

17
Q

how can the identity and purity of a compound be checked

A

measuring MP and mixed MP

18
Q

crystallization

A

the process of forming crystals

19
Q

is it possible to crystallize only one compound from a mixture?

A

yes, it is a purification technique

20
Q

what percent is considered a “pure” compound?

A

greater than 70%

21
Q

what is an ideal agent for crystallization?

A 
available
cheap
volatile
dissolves compound poorly at low temps
dissolves compound well at high temps
does not dissolve impurities OR dissolves them very well- so they don't crystallize with the compound
22
Q

7 steps of crystallization

A 
1- choosing solvent
2- dissolving the solvent
3- decolorizing the solvent
4- filtering the suspended solids
5- crystallizing the solute
6- collecting and washing the crystals
7- drying the product
23
Q

compounds involved in the synthesis of dibenzylacetone

A 
benzylaldehyde and acetone
ethanol = solvent
NaOH = catalyst
dibenzylacetone = end product w/ enantiomers
benzylacetone = possible impurity
24
Q

what is the ratio of acetone and benzaldehyde?

A

1:2

25
Q

how can traces of NaOH be eliminated?

A

water wash

26
Q

how long does the synthesis of dibenzylacetone take

A

30 minutes

27
Q

how does chromatography work?

A

it relies on the difference of affinity of compounds

as the solvent moves, it carries the compound with it

28
Q

what is the driving reason that chromatography works?

A

polarity of molecules

29
Q

what is the Rf?

A

retention factor; used to determine a compound’s mobility

ratio of the distance that its traveled

30
Q

irregularities of thin layer chromatography

A 
spots are too faint
spots are large and overlapping
all spots are at the top
all spots are near the bottom
spots are large and diffuse
spots are smudged
levels of spots are uneven or curved
31
Q

what does liquid liquid extraction rely on for acid base extraction

A

difference in affinity of the compounds

32
Q

what is a good solvent for extraction?

A

cheap
volatile
dissolves the other substance well
does not mix with the other solvent used

33
Q

evaporation

A

the phase change between a liquid and a gas

34
Q

higher the pressure…

A

…the higher the boiling point

35
Q

where is the boiling point of a mixture?

A

in between the boiling points of the compounds

36
Q

how should compounds be heated in the lab?

A

thoroughly and evenly, and NOT TOO FAST otherwise the equilibrium can be disturbed

37
Q

what is the purpose of boiling chips?

A

provide bubbling constant centers; allow for it to boil evenly

38
Q

what compounds are involved in hypochlorite oxidation?

A 
cyclohexanol (starting material)
sodium hypochlorite - reagent
acetic acid - catalyst
cyclohexanone - product
sodium sulfite - used to neutralize the acidic product
NaOH - neutralization
cacl2 - removes excess water

Chem (5 decks)

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