organic chem; intro to organic chem Flashcards
General formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
General formula for alkenes
CnH2n
General formula for alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
Molecular formula
The actual no.of atoms in a molecule or element
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
Structural formula
The arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds
Skeletal formula
Only the bonds of the carbon skeleton are shown. H & C atoms are not shown, only functional groups.
Displayed formula
Show the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds & atoms in the molecule
Homologous series
A homologous series is a group of organic compounds have the same functional group but each successive member differed by CH2
Prefix/Suffix for alkanes
-ane
Prefix/Suffix for alkanes (branched)
Alkyl-
Prefix/Suffix for alkenes
-ene
Prefix/Suffix for alcohols
-ol
Prefix/Suffix for aldehydes
-al
Prefix/Suffix for ketones
-one
Prefix/Suffix for carboxylic acids
-oic acid
Prefix/Suffix for halogenoalkanes
Fluoro-
Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-
Prefix/Suffix for cycloalkanes
Cyclo- & -ane
How are molecules named?
IUPAC
Mechanism
A chemical mechanism shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction
Structural isomers
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
Positional isomers
Same molecular formula but a different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton
Functional group isomers
Same molecular formula but a different functional group
Stereoisomers
Have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
Example of stereoisomers
E/Z isomerism
Molecule E in E/Z isomerism
Opposite - same groups opposite the double bond
Molecule Z in E/Z isomerism
Together - same groups on the same side of the double bond
When is Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules used?
Used to decide if an isomer is E or Z when there are 4 different groups around the double bond
