Organic Chem Fundamentals Flashcards
what is crude oil
a finite resource found in rocks ,, mixture of molecules called hydrocarbons
why are alkanes saturated molecules?
the carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms
what does viscosity tell us
the thickness of a fluid
regarding viscosity, what happens as the hydrocarbon molecule SIZE increases?
they get more viscous
( so long-chain hydrocarbons are extremely viscous)
regarding flammability, what happens as the size of the hydrocarbon molecules increases?
they get less flammable
(so short-chain hydrocarbons are v flammable & long chain are very difficult to burn)
why are methane, ethane, propane and butane all gases at room temp?
they all have boiling points lower than room temperature
regarding boiling point, what happens as the size of the hydrocarbon molecules increases?
boiling point increases
what are fractions
fractions contain hydrocarbons with a similar number of carbon atoms
what fuels can fractions be used as?
petrol & diesel, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquified petroleum gas
examples of feedstock for he petrochemical industry:
solvents, lubricants, detergents, polymers
what does the cracking of an alkane produce?
shorter chain alkane + an alkene
whats catalytic cracking?
high temperature and a catalyst
whats steam cracking
steam + high temperature
why are alkenes useful
theyre used to make polymers
why are alkenes unsaturated
an alkene has 2 fewer hydrogen atoms that an alkane w/ the same number of carbon atoms
what does functional group mean
the part of the molecule that determines how it reacts
members of a homologous series all have what in common?
the same functional group
each molecule in the homologous series has what?
an extra carbon atom and two extra hydrogen atoms
what happens duting incomplete combustion of an alkene?
unburnt carbon particles produced so they bur in air with a smokey flame
