Organic Chem Functional Groups Flashcards
alkanes
single-bonded C
RH
alkanes
alkenes
double-bonded C
RR’C=CR’‘R’’’
alkenes
alkynes
triple-bonded C
RC=–CR
alkyenes
arenes
aromatic rings (3 double-bonded to carbon)
ArH^a
arenes
alkyl halides
alkane + halogen
RX
alkyl halides
aryl halides
arene + halogen
ArX^a
aryl halides
alcohols
OH on alkane
ROH^a
alcohols
phenols
OH on arenes
ArOH^b
phenols
ethers
–C–O–C– (O b/w and single bonded to 2 carbons)
ROR’ or –C–O–C–
ethers
aldehydes
double bonded O on top of C in CH (or any position)
RCHO
aldehydes
ketones
double bonded O on top of C
RR’C=O
ketones
carboxylic acid
double bonded O on top of C in COH
RCO2H
carboxylic acid
acyl halides
double bond to O on top of C and single bonded halogen to C
RCOX
acyl halides
esthers
double bond O on top of C
C single bonded to O
O single bonded to another C
C bonded to 3 H
RCO2R’
esthers
amines
1) 1R, 1N, 2H
2) 2R, 1N, 1H
3) 3R, 1N, 0H
RNH2, RNHR’, RNR’R’’
amines
nitriles
C triple bonds to N
RC=–N
nitriles
single bonded C
alkanes
double bonded C
alkenes
triple bonded C
alkynes
aromatic rings (3 double-bonded to carbon)
arenes
alkane + halogen
alkyl halides
arene + halogen
aryl halides
OH on alkane
alcohols
OH on arenes
phenols
–C–O–C– (O b/w and single bonded to 2 carbons)
ethers
double bonded O on top of C in CH (or any position)
aldehydes
double bonded O on top of C
ketones
double bonded O on top of C in COH
carboxylic acid
double bond to O on top of C and single bonded halogen to C
acyl halides
double bond O on top of C
C single bonded to O
O single bonded to another C
C bonded to 3 H
esthers
1) 1R, 1N, 2H
2) 2R, 1N, 1H
3) 3R, 1N, 0H
amines
amides
O double bonded to C on top C single bonded to N N single bonded to H H single bonded to C C bonded to 3H
RCONHR’
amides
O double bonded to C on top C single bonded to N N single bonded to H H single bonded to C C bonded to 3H
amides
C triple bonds to N
nitriles