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chemistry > organic chem dont know > Flashcards

organic chem dont know Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane + halogen

A

> bromoethane + halogen bromine
UV light
SUBSTITUTION

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2
Q

alkane

A

saturated hydrocarbon
C-C
CnH2n+2

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3
Q

alkane oxidation (and limiting O2)

A

> CO2 +H2O
limiting O2 > CO/ C + H2O

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4
Q

alkane cracking

A

600-700°C
alumina/ silica
alkane > short chain alkane + alkene

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5
Q

why cracking

A
  • demand for short chain (more uses)
  • supply of long chain (more than used = surplus)
  • alkenes make polymers
  • short alkanes more flammable
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6
Q

alkene and halogen

A

> dibromoethane
room temp
ADDITION
bromine water orange > colourless

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7
Q

alkene hydration to make alcohol

A

alkene + steam > alcohol
60-70atm
300°C
phosphoric catalyst

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8
Q

making ethanol

A
  • ethene + steam
  • fermentation of glucose
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9
Q

alcohols

A

-OH
CnH2n+1OH

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10
Q

ethanol oxidisation methods

A
  • burning in air
  • microbial oxidation
  • heat with potassium dichromate in sulphuric acid (orange>green)
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11
Q

ethanol uses

A
  • fuels (biofuel)
  • solvent - perfumes/ varnishes
  • alcoholic drinks
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12
Q

ethene + steam benefits

A
  • continuous
  • low labour
  • fast
  • pure
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13
Q

fermentation of glucose benefits

A
  • little energy
  • renewable
  • low cost
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14
Q

ethanoic acid

A

vinegar - weak
CH3COOH

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15
Q

make carboxylic acids

A

oxidation of alcohols
alcohol + oxygen > carboxylic acid + water

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16
Q

carboxylic acids

A

-COOH
CnH2n+1COOH

17
Q

how to tell it’s an ester made

A

volatile with a distinctive sweet smell
- used as flavourings / perfume

18
Q

make ester

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol > ester + water
CONDENSATION
catalyst - sulphuric acid

19
Q

ester

A

-COO

20
Q

disposal polymers

A
  • can’t biodegrade as inert
  • take up space in landfill
  • produce toxic gases eg CO2 when burnt
    (biopolyesters are biodegradable)
21
Q

condensation polymerisation

A

2 diff monomers join
- diol + dioc acid > polymer + water
CONDENSATION bc water is made

22
Q

addition polymerisation

A

via rearrangement of bonds no loss of atoms
alkene > poly (alkene)
by heat and pressure

23
Q

make polymers

A

repeated monomers joined together
addition polymerisation
condensation polymerisation

24
Q

uses of polymers

A

poly ethene - plastic bags
PVC - water pipes
polypropene - crates / rope
polystyrene - packaging
teflon - non stick plans
nylon - clothes

25
Q

making alcohol via fermentation

A

fermentation of glucose
- using enzymes on yeast
30°C
anaerobic

26
Q

ethanol oxidation equation

A

ethanol + oxygen > ethanoic acid + water

chemistry (17 decks)

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