organic chem dont know

Question 1

alkane + halogen

Answer 1

> bromoethane + halogen bromine
UV light
SUBSTITUTION

Question 2

alkane

Answer 2

saturated hydrocarbon
C-C
CnH2n+2

Question 3

alkane oxidation (and limiting O2)

Answer 3

> CO2 +H2O
limiting O2 > CO/ C + H2O

Question 4

alkane cracking

Answer 4

600-700°C
alumina/ silica
alkane > short chain alkane + alkene

Question 5

why cracking

Answer 5

• demand for short chain (more uses)
• supply of long chain (more than used = surplus)
• alkenes make polymers
• short alkanes more flammable

Question 6

alkene and halogen

Answer 6

> dibromoethane
room temp
ADDITION
bromine water orange > colourless

Question 7

alkene hydration to make alcohol

Answer 7

alkene + steam > alcohol
60-70atm
300°C
phosphoric catalyst

Question 8

making ethanol

Answer 8

• ethene + steam
• fermentation of glucose

Question 9

alcohols

Answer 9

-OH
CnH2n+1OH

Question 10

ethanol oxidisation methods

Answer 10

• burning in air
• microbial oxidation
• heat with potassium dichromate in sulphuric acid (orange>green)

Question 11

ethanol uses

Answer 11

• fuels (biofuel)
• solvent - perfumes/ varnishes
• alcoholic drinks

Question 12

ethene + steam benefits

Answer 12

• continuous
• low labour
• fast
• pure

Question 13

fermentation of glucose benefits

Answer 13

• little energy
• renewable
• low cost

Question 14

ethanoic acid

Answer 14

vinegar - weak
CH3COOH

Question 15

make carboxylic acids

Answer 15

oxidation of alcohols
alcohol + oxygen > carboxylic acid + water

Question 16

carboxylic acids

Answer 16

-COOH
CnH2n+1COOH

Question 17

how to tell it’s an ester made

Answer 17

volatile with a distinctive sweet smell
- used as flavourings / perfume

Question 18

make ester

Answer 18

carboxylic acid + alcohol > ester + water
CONDENSATION
catalyst - sulphuric acid

Question 19

ester

Answer 19

-COO

Question 20

disposal polymers

Answer 20

• can’t biodegrade as inert
• take up space in landfill
• produce toxic gases eg CO2 when burnt
  (biopolyesters are biodegradable)

Question 21

condensation polymerisation

Answer 21

2 diff monomers join
- diol + dioc acid > polymer + water
CONDENSATION bc water is made

Question 22

addition polymerisation

Answer 22

via rearrangement of bonds no loss of atoms
alkene > poly (alkene)
by heat and pressure

Question 23

make polymers

Answer 23

repeated monomers joined together
addition polymerisation
condensation polymerisation

Question 24

uses of polymers

Answer 24

poly ethene - plastic bags
PVC - water pipes
polypropene - crates / rope
polystyrene - packaging
teflon - non stick plans
nylon - clothes

Question 25

making alcohol via fermentation

Answer 25

fermentation of glucose
- using enzymes on yeast
30°C
anaerobic

Question 26

ethanol oxidation equation

Answer 26

ethanol + oxygen > ethanoic acid + water