Organic Chem and Functional Groups

Question 1

Organic Chemistry?

Answer 1

Chemistry of Compounds that contain carbon

Question 2

Carbon?

Answer 2

Element #6, Group 4A with 4 valence electrons

Question 3

Hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

Just a compound made up of hydrogens and carbons

Question 4

Tetrahedral Arrangement?

Answer 4

Arrangement of four hydrogens around one carbon. Electrons between the hydrogens will repel eachother and will push them far apart.

Question 5

Expanded structural formula versus condensed structural formula?

Answer 5

Expanded structural formula explicitly shows the bonds of the carbon and hydrogen (eg). Condensed only shows the bonds between the carbons but lists the hydrogens.

Question 6

Alkanes?

Answer 6

A class of compound that doesn’t have anything the functional groups possess. Alkanes are hydrocarbons (C.H) and are made of single bonds.

Question 7

Alkane naming?

Answer 7

ends with “ane” and has a prefix based on the number of carbons.

Question 8

1C prefix?

Answer 8

meth (e.g. methyl group CH3)

Question 9

2C prefix?

Answer 9

eth (e.g. ethyl group)

Question 10

3C prefix?

Answer 10

prop (propyl)

Question 11

4C prefix?

Answer 11

but (e.g. butane) (butyl)

Question 12

5C prefix?

Answer 12

pent (pentyl group) pentane

Question 13

6C prefix?

Answer 13

hex (hexyl group) hexane

Question 14

7C prefix?

Answer 14

hept (heptyl group) heptane

Question 15

8C prefix?

Answer 15

oct (octyl group) octane

Question 16

9C prefix?

Answer 16

non (nonyl group) nonane

Question 17

10C prefix?

Answer 17

dec (decyl group) decane

Question 18

Alkyl refers to?

Answer 18

An alkane with a single bond “yl” “ane”

Question 19

Ethane’s condensed formula is CH3 CH3, what is it’s expanded alkane formula?

Answer 19

Draw

Question 20

What is the three carbon alkane?

Answer 20

Propane - CH3 CH2 CH3 total of three carbons

Question 21

Butane?

Answer 21

has four carbons CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

Question 22

Pentane?

Answer 22

has five carbons CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

Question 23

What are examples of 5 to 8 carbon chains?

Answer 23

Gasoline

Question 24

What are examples of 9 to 17 carbon chains?

Answer 24

Diesel or Jet Fuel

Question 25

What are examples of 8 carbon chains?

Answer 25

Motor oil or asphalt

Question 26

Finish the phrase: The longer the chains…

Answer 26

the more viscous and the more heat to boil and break the bonds

Question 27

First step to name Branched Alkanes?

Answer 27

1) Determine the longest chain (run pencil in a smooth way without back tracking aka notice the continuous chain)

Question 28

2nd step to name Branched Alkanes?

Answer 28

2) Look for the substituents or nearest methyl group branches. Pick the branch that will get the lowest number when naming. (e.g.) 2 methyl versus 5 methyl for the final name.

Question 29

3rd step to name branched alkanes?

Answer 29

3) Label and number the carbons from the nearest branch.

Question 30

Format for alkane name? (example from notes)

Answer 30

Example:
2-Methyl Pentane

-“2” specifies the location of where the methyl group sits on which carbon “The methyl group is on the carbon labeled 2”
-“Methyl” refers to the number of carbons of the branch. CH3 in this case
-“Pentane” is last and refers to the principle chain without the methyl groups. “This chain has five carbons”
excluding the branches

Question 31

Tip for identifying branches?

Answer 31

Picture the alkane as a 3-D model. Are the carbons continuous?

Question 32

Another example of an alkane name?

Answer 32

Alkane Branch Name: 2,3-dimethyl hexane

• 2,3- location of methyl groups on which carbon. In this case on carbon 2 and carbon 3.
• di- general term to say there are two methyl groups on this chain
• methyl meaning that there’s one carbon on the branched alkyl
• hexane meaning that its an alkane and has 6 carbons in the principle long chain excluding the branches