organic chem 9,10

Question 1

what would a strong acids pKa be?

Answer 1

above 12

Question 2

what is the difference between bronsted Lowry acid and lewis acid?

Answer 2

bronsted Lowry acid is a compound that donates a hydrogen ion (H+), BUT A LEWIS ACID accepts pair of electrons

Question 3

what’s a strong base examples?

Answer 3

carbocation c-

Question 4

weak bases example?

Answer 4

F- Cl- Br- I-

Question 5

common example of lewis acid but not bronsted Lowry acid?

Answer 5

BF3
AlCl3

Question 6

what is a lewis acid base reaction?

Answer 6

any reaction in which species donates an electron pair to another species is a lewis base reaction
-Lewis base donates an electron pair to a lewis acid

Question 7

what is a Lewis acid also called?

Answer 7

ELECTROPHILE
(both electron acceptors)

Question 8

what is a lewis acid?

Answer 8

e- acceptor

Question 9

what is a lewis base and what else can it be known by?

Answer 9

lewis base is electron donor

known as nucleophile

Question 10

what does a low pKa mean and what does a high one mean?

Answer 10

low pKa is strong acid and high pKa is strong base

Question 11

what is the structure and shape of amines

Answer 11

nitrogen has 5 valence electrons

3 covalent bonds
one lone pair

trigonal pyramidal

Question 12

amines are categories how?

Answer 12

primary
secondary
tertiary

depending on R groups attached

R groups can be alkyl or aryl (aromatic compound)

Question 13

how can amines be chiral?

Answer 13

if its attached to 3 DIFFERENT GROUPS that are not hydrogen PLUS THE LONE PAIR MAKE IT 4

Question 14

what is pyramidal inversion?

Answer 14

when the amine inverts like and umbrella but the intermediate is a planar.

Question 15

how do amines form quaternary ammonium salts ?

Answer 15

4 groups attached to N+ but these cannot undergo pyramidal inversion

Question 16

are the enantiomers separable of ammonium salts?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

which amines have higher bp?

Answer 17

primary and secondary as they have one or two hydrogens bonded to them so more H bonds but tertiary has no hydrogen so no hydrogen bonds

Question 18

what is the trend for solubility of amines?

Answer 18

amines are soluble in water and solubility decreases with number of carbons.

Question 19

what are the properties of alkyl amines?

Answer 19

moderately volatile (boils fast, evaporate)

liquid (lower bp than alcohols)

doesn’t smell nice

Question 20

are amines weak or strong bases?

Answer 20

amines are generally weak BASES (bronsted Lowry)
ELECTRON PAIR DONOR
n lone pair accepts proton

Question 21

what is the basic constant?

Answer 21

Kb = [h+][oh-] / [a-]

Question 22

base strength in water?

Answer 22

primary AND SECONDARY
STRONGER BASES IN WATER

Question 23

ARE AROMATIC AMINES STRONGER BASES?

Answer 23

AROMATIC AMINES MUCH WEAKER BASES THAN ALKYL AMINES

Question 24

electron withdrawing groups decrease increase basicity?

Answer 24

decrease basicity(as they )

Question 25

electron donating groups increase or decrease basicity

Answer 25

increase

Question 26

basicity vs amine

Answer 26

more alky group = more basic amine =lower pKb

Question 27

amides c=o (-nh2) vs basicity

Answer 27

amides are not basic the N lone pair is not available to act as base