organic chem

Question 1

Organic compounds

Answer 1

are molecular compounds based on carbon atoms

Question 2

Why are carbons important?

Answer 2

• form 4 strong covalent bonds

- allows it to have thousands of different structure

Question 3

hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Molecules made up of only carbons and hydrogens

Question 4

Aliphatic carbon

Answer 4

straight or branched chains or rings

Question 5

Aromatic Carbons

Answer 5

Benzene rings have 6 carbons and rotate between single and double bond

Question 6

Are hydrocarbons structurally complex?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What are alkyl groups

Answer 7

these are hydrocarbons branched off of other hydrogen carbons

Question 8

Isomers have different chemical formulas but the same structure. True or false

Answer 8

False they have the same molecular formula and different structure

Question 9

What is a hydrogen atom sometimes known as?

Answer 9

A filler atom

Question 10

What two things do hydrogen carbons do under a combustion reaction

Answer 10

produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 11

What are functional groups?

Answer 11

groups that determine the phyical properties of molecules, (polarity, mp, bp, solubility etc)

Question 12

Are multiple bonds considered functional groups?

Answer 12

Yes they affect properties

Question 13

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 13

CnH2n

Question 14

When naming alkenes you start at the end farthest away from the double bond

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the general formula for alkynes?

Answer 15

C2H2n-2

Question 16

What are Cis-Trans Isomers?

Answer 16

They have the same chemical formula and structure backbone but different 3D arrangements

Question 17

Why do Cis-Trans isomers occur?

Answer 17

double carbon carbon bond cannot rotate and is rigid

Question 18

What is a type of saturated hydrocarbon and why?

Answer 18

Alkanes and each carbon is bonded to max number of possible atoms

Question 19

What is a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons and why?

Answer 19

Alkenes and Alkynes as they have fewer then max number of possible atoms

Question 20

Are boiling points of alkenes less than alkanes?

Answer 20

Yes due to the forces between molecules are less

Question 21

Are boiling points of alkynes higher then alkanes?

Answer 21

Yes due to electron shape and have higher intermolecular forces

Question 22

Does this difference in boiling points allow them to be separated?

Answer 22

Yes due to fractional distillation

Question 23

Markovnikovs rule says that the rich get richer

Answer 23

the hydrogen atom will bond with a carbon atom within the double bond that contains more hydrogen atoms

Question 24

Cycloalkanes undergo substitution reactions

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

Cycloalkenes undergo addition reactions

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

Are aromatic hydrocarbons unsaturated?

Answer 26

yes they have a ring structure and a bonding arrangement that allows for it to be chemically stable

Question 27

Are all bond lengths and bond angels equal in aromatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 27

yes with all bonds identical

Question 28

If a ring has a non-carbon functional group or small alkyl group then the benzene is the parent chain

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Alcohols have one of the two H atoms replaced with alkyl group

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Ethers have both H atoms replaced in H20 with alkyl group

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Alcohols are not characterized by the presence of hydroxyl group

Answer 31

false the general formula is R-OH

Question 32

The suffix for naming alcohols is ol

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

Polyalcohols

Answer 33

contain more than one hydroxyl group (dial, trial)

Question 34

Alcohols have boiling points that are much higher than parent

Answer 34

true

Question 35

What makes the molecule more polar?

Answer 35

hydroxyl group, allows it to form hydrogen bonds

Question 36

Do short chain alcohols tend to be more polar?

Answer 36

yes due to OH

Question 37

Do long chain alcohols tend to be non-polar?

Answer 37

yes due to larger hydrocarbon having a greater influence compared to hydroxyl group

Question 38

Hydration reactions are a type of addition reaction that results in the addition of

Answer 38

water

Question 39

Alcohols undergo complete combustion to produce only

Answer 39

CO2 AND H20

Question 40

What reaction allows for the alkene and water to be reversed?

Answer 40

a dehydration reaction which is the decompose of alcohols

Question 41

Dehydration uses a catalyst called

Answer 41

concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 42

When a dehydration reaction is carried out on a secondary or tertiary alcohol how many reactions are possible?

Answer 42

more than one alkene product is possible

Question 43

What is an ether?

Answer 43

an ether is an organic compound containing an oxygen atom between two carbon atoms in a chain

Question 44

Do ethers contain OH groups?

Answer 44

NO

Question 45

What makes the molecule more polar?

Answer 45

the C-O bonds and V- shape of the C-O-C group

Question 46

Boiling points in ethers are higher than hydrocarbons but lower than alcohols?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 47

a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger product with the elimination of water or alcohol

Question 48

What is a thiol?

Answer 48

a compound that contains the sulfhydryl group -SH

Question 49

Do thiols have strong odours?

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

Thiol is added to the end of alkane name

Answer 50

true

Question 51

What is an aldehyde?

Answer 51

a group containing a terminal carbonyl group

Question 52

What is a ketone?

Answer 52

a group containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms

Question 53

Do aldehydes and ketones have lower bp?

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

Why are aldehydes and ketones less soluble in water than alcohol?

Answer 54

LACK OF OH

Question 55

Why are aldehydes and ketones more soluble in water than hydrocarbons?

Answer 55

carbonyl group is strongly polar due to four shared electrons in double C-O bond

Question 56

Do aldehydes and ketones have the ability to mix with both polar and non-polar substances?

Answer 56

yes it makes them good solvents

Question 57

Do aldehydes and ketones have strong odours?

Answer 57

yes

Question 58

What does the term oxidation reaction mean?

Answer 58

either loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen

Question 59

Controlled oxidation

Answer 59

the reactant not being completely oxidized due to limited amount of O2

Question 60

How are oxygen atoms supplied in oxidation?

Answer 60

supplied by compounds called oxidizing agents

Question 61

Primary Alcohol

Answer 61

aldehyde is produced

Question 62

Secondary Alcohol

Answer 62

ketone is produced

Question 63

Tertiary Alcohol

Answer 63

No reaction

Question 64

Are high temps and catalyst required for hydrogenation reactions?

Answer 64

yes

Question 65

Aldehydes hydrogenate to form

Answer 65

primary alcohols

Question 66

Ketones hydrogenate to form

Answer 66

secondary alcohols

Question 67

Are carboxylic acids weak?

Answer 67

yes so they do not completely ionize in water

Question 68

Are melting points in carboxylic acids higher?

Answer 68

yes compared to those of corresponding hydrocarbons

Question 69

What happens when an alcohol is mildly oxidized?

Answer 69

an aldehyde is produced

Question 70

Ester

Answer 70

contains a carbonyl group bonded to oxygen atom

Question 71

Properties of esters

Answer 71

- occurs in plants - synthetic esters are added for flavouring - low molecular mass esters are gases - esters are less polar and less soluble in water - lower mp and bp - not acidic

Question 72

What happens when esters are treated with acid or base?

Answer 72

the ester is split back into its acid and alcohol components

Question 73

Properties of amines

Answer 73

- N-C AND N-H bond are polar | - smaller amines are readily soluble in water

Question 74

Amide functional group

Answer 74

carbonyl group directly attached to N group

Question 75

Amide Properties

Answer 75

- similar to esters only ends in amide - week bases - somewhat soluble in water - as length of carbon chain increases solubility decreases - have lower mp and bp then amines

Question 76

Reactions of amides

Answer 76

- hydrolyzed in acidic or basic conditions | - hydrolysis is slower due to linkages are resistant in hydrolysis

Question 77

Polymer

Answer 77

large molecule that is made up of many repeating subunits called monomers monomers are links that make up polymer

Question 78

Polymerization

Answer 78

process of linking these monomer subunits into polymer

Question 79

Homopolymer

Answer 79

a polymer made of single type of monomer

Question 80

Copolymer

Answer 80

a polymer made up of two or more monomers

Question 81

Addition polymers

Answer 81

polymers formed when monomer subunits are linked through addition reactions

Question 82

Properties of Plastics

Answer 82

- unreactive | - flexible and moldable

Question 83

RECALL

Answer 83

monomers that contain C=C bonds link to form polymers by addition reactions

Question 84

RECALL

Answer 84

carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters

Question 85

RECALL

Answer 85

carboxylic acids react with amines to form amides

Question 86

polyester

Answer 86

is a polymer formed by a series of esterification reactions between monomers

Question 87

Polyamids

Answer 87

consist o many amide linkages linked via the condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine