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organic chem Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

four types of biomolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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2
Q

functional group

A

a few chemical groups that are essential to the functioning and identity of biomolecules

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3
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

removing water from reactants to create a bond

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4
Q

carbohydrates purpose

A

main source of fuel and carbon

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5
Q

monosaccharides

A

simple monomers like glucose and fructose

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6
Q

disaccharides

A

2 monomers joined by dehydration synthesis, (ex: sucrose= glucose+fructose)

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7
Q

polysaccharide

A

polymer of monosaccharides, cellulose= polymer of glucose, complex and used as storage

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8
Q

carb elements

A

CHO

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9
Q

carb functional groups

A

hydroxyl, ketone/aldehyde

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10
Q

lipid elements

A

C, H, O

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11
Q

lipid+water

A

non-polar, hydrophobic

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12
Q

fats/oils

A

energy storage

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13
Q

phospholipids

A

major component of all cell membranes– glycerol backbone w/ 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group – forms bilayer sheet

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14
Q

steroids

A

hormones, cholesteral

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15
Q

fats are made of

A

glycerol and fatty acids bonded by dehydration synthesis

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16
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

have no double bonds, fully saturated with carbon

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17
Q

bilayer sheet

A

formed by phospholipids– hydrophilic head on the outsides, hydrophobic tails on the inside

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17
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

has at least one double bond

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18
Q

monomer

A

building block of a biomolecule

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19
Q

polymer

A

many building blocks of a biomolecule put together

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20
Q

how traits are made

A

DNA–> RNA –> proteins –> traits

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21
Q

3d shape of protein

A

conformation

22
Q

conformation determines

A

function

23
Q

functions of proteins

A

enzymes, hormonal, protection, transporting, storage, structure, receptors, or muscular.

24
Q

enzymes

A

catalyze chemical reactions so that we can live

25
Q

monomer of protein

A

amino acids

26
Q

elements of proteins

A

CHONS

27
Q

amino acids consist of

A

a hydrogen atom, a carbonxl group, an amino group, and an R group

28
Q

how many amino acids

A

20 w/ unique r-groups

29
Q

amino acids bonded

A

peptide bond (covalent)

30
Q

polymer of protein

A

polypeptide

31
Q

primary protein structure

A

amino acids bound in string by peptide bonds

32
Q

secondary protein structure

A

primary folded into either beta-pleated sheet or alpha helix

33
Q

tertiary protein structure

A

helix/sheet folded in on itself to create 3d structure. ALL proteins minimally have this

34
Q

quaternary protein structure

A

2 or more tertiary structures bonded together

35
Q

3 main types of nucleic acids

A

RNA, DNA, ATP

36
Q

monomer of NA

A

nucleotides

37
Q

chromosomes

A

linear form of dna

38
Q

gene

A

area of DNA that encodes a protein

39
Q

central dogma

A

flow of genetic info from DNA to RNA to polypeptide

40
Q

elements of NAs

A

CHONP

41
Q

polymer of nucleic acids

A

nucleic acids are polymers

42
Q

nucleotides are made of

A

phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and a 5c sugar

43
Q

nitrogenous base DNA

A

TCAG

44
Q

nitrogenous base RNA

A

UCAG

45
Q

phosphodiester bonds

A

join nucleotides, connects p-group to sugar through dehydration synthesis

46
Q

biruet test

A

Finds proteins, pos=violet

47
Q

benedict’s test

A

fonds mono and di saccharides, needs heating, pos=orange/red

48
Q

iodine test

A

finds starches, pos=violet/blue

49
Q

paper bag test

A

finds lipids, pos= leaves transparent mark on bag.

50
Q

NA functional groups

A

carboxyl, amino, phosophatem hydroxyl

51
Q

protein functional groups

A

carboxyl, amino

52
Q

lipid functional groups

A

carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate

53
Q

carb functional groups

A

aldehyde, ketone, hydroxyl

bio (4 decks)

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