Organic chem Flashcards
Alcohols
Hydroxyl functional group with OH
When at 3 need propan-1-ol
or hexan-2,3-diol
Ether
Oxygen in middle of two carbons
Naming: Smaller number of carbons on one side of Oxygen ending with oxy (methane>methoxy) followed by the name of the carbon chain on other side (butane).
Aldehyde
Carboxyl terminal FG with a Carbon double bonded to an O and single to an H. Naming same as alcohol but with al not ol.
Ketone
Carboxyl FG with double bonded O off a carbon
Same naming as alcohol but ends with one.
Ester
Carboxyl FG with an alcohol and a carboxyl. Has carbon bonded to oxygen (the alcohol) this oxygen bonded to a carbon which is bonded to another carbon and a double bonded O (the anoate).
Naming is (alcohol)yl (carboxyl) anoate e.g. methyl ethanoate.
Carboxylic Acids
Terminal carboxyl FG. Double bonded O and OH off C. Ends with oic acid
Addition reaction
Halogens with alkenes/alkynes (not alkanes) where the double/triple bond looses one bond and the C now bonds to the halogen (both halogens do this one to each C of bond)
Substitution
Alkanes and halogen needs UV to break diatomic halogen into radicals where one of the radicals substitutes a H and the H and other halogen radical bond.
Combustion
CxHy+(x+y/4)O2->xCO2+(y/2)H2O and requires heat.
Oxidisation
Primary alcohol (OH terminal) oxidises to aldehyde then to carboxylic acid.
Secondary alcohol (OH in middle) oxidises to a ketone.
Tertiary alcohol (OH in middle C where other side of C (where H would usually be) is also connected to C)
Oxidising agent
Dichromate Ion (Cr7O2 ) in acidic conditions (/H+) which, with heat, oxidises.
Ester from carboxyl
Carboxylic acid + Alcohol makes an ester in the presence of catalyst (e.g. H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid) where the alcohol is the alcohol part of ester and carboxylic is the carboxyl.
