Organic Chem Flashcards
functional groups
What are the three types of hydrocarbons?
Alkane, alkene and alkyne
How many bond in Alkane, what is the general formula?
a single bond
general formula: CnH2n+2
What is the prefix/suffix of Alkane
the suffix is -ane
the prefix is an
How many bonds in Alkene, what is the general formula?
a double bond
general formula:CnH2n
What is the prefix/suffix of Alkene
The suffix is -ene
the prefix is en
How many bonds in Alkyne,
what is the general formula
A triple bond (rarely found)
general formula : CnH2n-2
What are the functional groups that contain a homologous group
Halo Alkane, Alcohols/Alkanols and Amine
What is an Alkyl group and what symbol is used for it?
One species less from corresponding alkane (An alkane missing one hydrogen) with the symbol R
What is the Halo Alkane (halogens) functional group
A H in an alkane is replace with a halogen eg.chlorine(Cl), fluorine(F), bromine(Br), iodine(I)
What is the prefix/suffix of Halogen
the suffix could be …
bromo-
chloro-
fluoro-
iodo-
What is the general formula of a Halo Alkane?
R-X(R-F, R-Cl, R-I, R-Br)
general formula: CnH2n+1X
What is an alcohol or hydroxyl functional group?
Compunds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH)
What is the prefix/suffix of an alcohol?
the suffix is -ol
the prefix is hydroxy-
What is the general formula of an alcohol?
R-OH
general formula:CnH2n+2 O
What is an amine functional group?
R-NH2
(A primary (1°) amine has one alkyl (or aryl) group on the nitrogen atom, a secondary (2°) amine has two, and a tertiary (3°) amine has three )
What is the prefix/suffix of an amine?
the suffix is -amine
the prefix is amino-
What is the general formula of a primary amine function?
RNH2
general formula:CnH2n+3N
What are the functional groups containing a carbonyl group?
aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, esters and amide
What is an Aldehyde functional group?
R–C=O-H
(R can be anything starting from CH3)
What is the prefix/suffix of Aldehyde?
the suffix is -al
the prefix is oxo-
What is the general formula of an aldehyde?
RCHO
general formula: CnH2nO
What is a ketone functional group?
R–C=O-R’
(R and R’ can be anything starting from CH3, if it was H it would be an aldehyde)
What is the prefix/suffix of Ketone?
the suffix is -one
prefix is oxo-
What is the general formula of a ketone?
RCOR’ (R and R’ can be the same or different but R and R’ can be an alkyl group)
general formula:CnH2nO
(the same as aldehyde due to being isomers)
What is a carboxylic acid functional group?
R-C=O-OH
(its functional group COOH is called carbonyl)
What is the prefix/suffix of carboxylic acid
the suffix is -oic acid
What is the general formula of carboxylic acid?
RCOOH
general formula: CnH2nO2
(same as aldehyde and ketone but has an extra oxygen)
What is an ester functional group?
R-C=O-O-R’
(R’ cannot be H as that would be a carboxyl group)
What is the prefix/suffix of ester?
the suffic is -oate
prefix R-oxycarbonyl
what is the general formula of an ester?
R-COO-R’ (with the difference between R and R’ being that R’ can be any alkyl but not hydrogen)
general formula:CnH2nO2
(is an isomer of carboxylic acid)
What is an amide functional group?
R-C=O-NH2
(With secondary and tertiary replacing the H with CH3 groups)
What is the prefix/suffix of amide?
the suffix is -amide
What is the general formula of an amide?
R-CONH2
general formula: CnH2n+1ON
