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Chemistry 3/4 > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

functional groups

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1
Q

What are the three types of hydrocarbons?

A

Alkane, alkene and alkyne

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2
Q

How many bond in Alkane, what is the general formula?

A

a single bond
general formula: CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of Alkane

A

the suffix is -ane
the prefix is an

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4
Q

How many bonds in Alkene, what is the general formula?

A

a double bond
general formula:CnH2n

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5
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of Alkene

A

The suffix is -ene
the prefix is en

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6
Q

How many bonds in Alkyne,
what is the general formula

A

A triple bond (rarely found)
general formula : CnH2n-2

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7
Q

What are the functional groups that contain a homologous group

A

Halo Alkane, Alcohols/Alkanols and Amine

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8
Q

What is an Alkyl group and what symbol is used for it?

A

One species less from corresponding alkane (An alkane missing one hydrogen) with the symbol R

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9
Q

What is the Halo Alkane (halogens) functional group

A

A H in an alkane is replace with a halogen eg.chlorine(Cl), fluorine(F), bromine(Br), iodine(I)

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10
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of Halogen

A

the suffix could be …
bromo-
chloro-
fluoro-
iodo-

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11
Q

What is the general formula of a Halo Alkane?

A

R-X(R-F, R-Cl, R-I, R-Br)
general formula: CnH2n+1X

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12
Q

What is an alcohol or hydroxyl functional group?

A

Compunds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH)

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13
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of an alcohol?

A

the suffix is -ol
the prefix is hydroxy-

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14
Q

What is the general formula of an alcohol?

A

R-OH
general formula:CnH2n+2 O

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15
Q

What is an amine functional group?

A

R-NH2
(A primary (1°) amine has one alkyl (or aryl) group on the nitrogen atom, a secondary (2°) amine has two, and a tertiary (3°) amine has three )

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16
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of an amine?

A

the suffix is -amine
the prefix is amino-

17
Q

What is the general formula of a primary amine function?

A

RNH2
general formula:CnH2n+3N

18
Q

What are the functional groups containing a carbonyl group?

A

aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, esters and amide

19
Q

What is an Aldehyde functional group?

A

R–C=O-H
(R can be anything starting from CH3)

20
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of Aldehyde?

A

the suffix is -al
the prefix is oxo-

21
Q

What is the general formula of an aldehyde?

A

RCHO
general formula: CnH2nO

22
Q

What is a ketone functional group?

A

R–C=O-R’
(R and R’ can be anything starting from CH3, if it was H it would be an aldehyde)

23
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of Ketone?

A

the suffix is -one
prefix is oxo-

24
Q

What is the general formula of a ketone?

A

RCOR’ (R and R’ can be the same or different but R and R’ can be an alkyl group)
general formula:CnH2nO
(the same as aldehyde due to being isomers)

25
Q

What is a carboxylic acid functional group?

A

R-C=O-OH
(its functional group COOH is called carbonyl)

26
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of carboxylic acid

A

the suffix is -oic acid

27
Q

What is the general formula of carboxylic acid?

A

RCOOH
general formula: CnH2nO2
(same as aldehyde and ketone but has an extra oxygen)

28
Q

What is an ester functional group?

A

R-C=O-O-R’
(R’ cannot be H as that would be a carboxyl group)

29
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of ester?

A

the suffic is -oate
prefix R-oxycarbonyl

30
Q

what is the general formula of an ester?

A

R-COO-R’ (with the difference between R and R’ being that R’ can be any alkyl but not hydrogen)
general formula:CnH2nO2
(is an isomer of carboxylic acid)

31
Q

What is an amide functional group?

A

R-C=O-NH2
(With secondary and tertiary replacing the H with CH3 groups)

32
Q

What is the prefix/suffix of amide?

A

the suffix is -amide

33
Q

What is the general formula of an amide?

A

R-CONH2
general formula: CnH2n+1ON

Chemistry 3/4 (3 decks)

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