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AQA Higher Chemistry > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane

A

C bonds to 4 atoms

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2
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes
All bonds with other atoms are single bonds

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3
Q

Use of alkane

A

Low reactivity
Good combustion
Fuel

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4
Q

Alkane formula

A

Cn H 2n + 2

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5
Q

Organic

A

Carbon

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6
Q

Homologous

A

A family of similar compounds

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7
Q

Burning alkanes wo o2

A

2C + O2 -> 2 CO

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8
Q

Burning w loads of o2

A

Chill
Energy
CO2
Water

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9
Q

Steam cracking

A

Vaporised heavy h are combined w steam in high temp env

850 degrees plus
Alkanes and alkenes

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10
Q

Catalytic cracking

A

Passed over the top of a heated catalyst
Alkanes and alkenes

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11
Q

Alkene use

A

Starting material for stuff like ethanol
Feedstock for polymers

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12
Q

unsaturated

A

Contain a double bond between two C atoms

Means that an alkane and alkene w same length will have dif number of H atoms
- alkane will have 2 more H atoms

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13
Q

How reactive are alkenes

A

More than alkanes

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14
Q

Functional group

A

Atoms taht impact the reactions of an organic compound

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15
Q

Functional group of alkenes

A

C = C

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16
Q

Addition ractions

A

C = C bond opens up and allows C atoms to bond w new atoms

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17
Q

Alkenes and oxygen

A

Incomplete or complete combustion

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18
Q

C3H6 + O2-> (CO)

A

(3 in front of O2)

-> 3CO + 3 H2O

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19
Q

C3H6 + O2 -> (soot)

A

(2 in front of propene)
(3 in front of O2)

-> 6C + 6 H2O

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20
Q

C3H6 + O2 -> (complete combustion)

A

2 in front of propene
9 in front of oxygen

-> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

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21
Q

Alkenes and hydrogen gas

A

Nickel catalyst
Forms an alkane
Called hydrogenation

e.g. C2H4 + H2 -> C2H6

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22
Q

Alkenes and halogens

A
  • alkenes react w bromine water when shaken
  • orange/brown to colourless
  • good test yeh

ethene + bromine ->dibromoethane (colourless)

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23
Q

Alkenes and water (steam)

A

phosphoric acid catalyst
forms alcohol

e.g. ethene + steam -> ethanol
C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH

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24
Q

Formual for alcohol

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

25
Q

alchohol functional gruop

A

hydroxyl group OH

26
Q

alcohol and oxidising agent

A

carboxylic acid

27
Q

alcohol and sodium

A

alcohols are neutral, but react slowly with sodium to make hydrogen

28
Q

alcohol and air (heat)

A

co2 and water

29
Q

alcohol and water

A

neutral solutions

30
Q

uses for alcohols

A

solvents
fuels
feedstocks

31
Q

how is alcohol made

A

fermentation
hydration

32
Q

fermentation

A

glucose
37 degrees
yeast
anaerobic
(slightly) acidic

alcohol in aqueous solution + CO2

33
Q

hydration

A

ethene + water
300 degrees
phosphoric acid

alcohol

34
Q

oxidation of alcohols

A

alcohol + oxygen -> carboxylic acid

“oxygen” = oxidising agent e.g. potassium dichromate

changes colour from orange -> green during reaction

chromate reduced
alcohol oxidised

35
Q

carboxylic acid functional group

A

COOH

36
Q

methanoic acid

A

HCOOH

37
Q

ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

38
Q

propanoic acid

A

C2H5COOH

39
Q

butanoic acid

A

C3H7COOH

40
Q

carboxylic acid strength

A

forms an equilibrium in water

acidic as H+ released
weak acid as it’s only partly dissociated

-> reacts with bases e.g. metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates

41
Q

formula for carboxylic acid

A

Cn H2n+1 COOH

42
Q

alcohol and carboxylic acid

A

acid catalyst (concentrated sulfuric)
ester and water

e.g.
ethanoic acid + ethanol -> ethyl ethanoate + water

43
Q

carbonates and carboxylic acids

A

salt
co2
water

44
Q

water and carboxylic acids

A

solution with acidic pH
partly dissociates H+ ions
weak acid

45
Q

esters functional group

A

-COO-

46
Q

monomer

A

small molecules joined to other small molecules to make a long-chain polymerp

47
Q

polymer

A

a long chain molecule made by joining lots of small molecules

48
Q

addition

A

double bond broken

49
Q

polymerisation

A

many monomers join together to make a long chain

50
Q

monomer in addition polymerisation

A

alkenes - double bond opens to allow multiple alkenes to join together

51
Q

product in addition polymerisation

A

polymer e.g.
polyethene
polypropene

52
Q

ethene addition polymerisation

A

polyethene

53
Q

propene addition polymerisation

A

polypropene

54
Q

polyesters

A

diols and dicarboxylic acids

55
Q

condensation polymerisation

A

joining monomers with 2 functional groups to produce larger products (and a small molecule by-product e.g water)

56
Q

functional group of amino caids

A

amine -nh2
carboxyl - cooh

57
Q

polymerisation of amino acids

A

condensation polymerisation
produces polypeptide and water

58
Q
A

AQA Higher Chemistry (1 decks)

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