Organic Chem

Question 1

5 basic types of reaction or organic molecules

Answer 1

1. Addition
2. Elimination
3. Substitution
4. Hydro-Carbon combustion
5. Esterfication

Question 2

5 Functional groups

Answer 2

1. Hydroxyl (OH) alcohol
2. Halohydro-carbon (Cl, F, Br) halogen
3. Carboxylic Acid (OOH)
4. Ester (COOH) alcohol + acid
5. Alkyl halides (Halogens / ene / yne)

Question 3

What bonds do alkanes, alkenes, alkynes have?

Answer 3

Alkanes - Single bonds
Alkenes - double bonds
Alkynes - triple bonds

Question 4

What are the ending SUFFIX additions for the functional groups?

Answer 4

OL (alcohol OH)
OIC ACID ( coo carboxylic acid)
OATE (COOH ester)
Add ‘ CYCLO ‘ if needed

Question 5

What is the numbering priority for the functional groups?

Answer 5

1. Alcohols (OH)
2. Halogens
3. Multiple bonds
4. Alkyl groups (ane, ene, yne)

Question 6

Prefix ?

Answer 6

Branches of chain or ring alkyl groups are methyl (1), ethyl (2), propyl (3)

Question 7

root?

Answer 7

Parent name determined by the number of carbons
1. meth. 7. Hept
2. Eth 8. Oct
3. Prop. 9. Non
4. But 10. Dec
5. Pent
6. Hex

Question 8

Suffix?

Answer 8

Determined by single / multiple / triple bonds
Single - ANE
double - ENE
triple - YNE

identify location ex) 2-ene
Add prefix if more than 1 branch ex ) triene ( 3 bonds) or dimethyl ( 2 CH3 )

Question 9

Hydrocarbon combustion

Answer 9

Organic molecule is burned in the presence of oxygen gas. * products are always CO2 g + H20 l

   OH
    
    | EX)  c-c-c + O2 ——>  CO2 + H20 

Propan-2-ol

Question 10

Esterification

Answer 10

Alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid to produce ester + water
/ OH
EX) c-c-c + c=o —-> C=O -O - c-c-c-
/ OH
Propanol + methanoic acid —> propyl Methanoate

Question 11

Carboxylic acid
( carboxylic group OOH at end )

Answer 11

• OOH on the end of the carbon
• name will change to ‘ oic acid ‘ in suffix
  / OH
  EX) c-c-c-c-c- = O
  |
  CH3

NAME: 3 methyl pentatonic acid

Question 12

Esters ( ester group) “OATE”
Alcohol + carboxylic acid = Ester

Answer 12

Product of a chemical reaction between an alchol and a carboxylic acid

EX) methanol + methanoic acid —> HOH

Question 13

Halogens / alkyl halides
Or (halo hydrocarbons)

Answer 13

Chlorine - chloro
Fluorine - fluoro
Bromine - bromo
Iodine - iodo

• halogens take priority over multiple bonds
  F CL
  EX) -C-C-C=C

2- chloro - 1 - fluorobut-3-ene

Question 14

Finding moles

Answer 14

1. N=m
   —
   M
2. mol ratio Required over given R/G
3. m= nM

Question 15

Cyclic hydro carbons

Answer 15

These are the carbons in a shape, like hexagon, square they can have double and triple bonds and those take priority

Question 16

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 16

Parent name —> benzene • if longest chain

Branch name —> phenyl • if attached to longer chain

Question 17

Alcohols ( hydroxyl group OH)

Answer 17

• OH bonded to any carbon will change the suffix by adding OL
• group must be identified

EX) -c-c-c-c-c
|
OH
Pentan - 2 - OL

Question 18

1. Theoretical yield
2. % yield

Answer 18

1. Percent yield = actual over theoretical x 100%
2. % yield = A over E x100
   * answer never over 100%

Question 19

Molar concentration

Answer 19

Henry prepared a 250ml solution with a molar concentration of 1.05 Mol/L by dissolving a specific mass of K2Cr2O7 in water . Find mass of k2cr2o7

250ml •/• by 1000 = 0.25L

N=CV ( 1.05 Mol /L ) x ( 0.25L) = 0.2625mol

m= NM ( 0.2625mol) ( 294.184 g/Mol)
= 77.2g

Question 20

Elimination reaction

Answer 20

Decomposes to a less saturated product diatomic / ene / yne

Ex) propan-2-OL —> propene + HOH

Question 21

Addition reaction

Answer 21

One product only
Ene / yne present
More saturated

Ex) propene + H2 —> propane

Question 22

Substitution

Answer 22

Organic molecule + reactant
Swap places —> two new products

Ex) propan-2-OL + HCL —> 2-chloropropane + water (HOH)

CL and OH in the reactants swap to create a new molecule and water