organic chem

Question 1

alkane general formula

Answer 1

Cn H2n+2

Question 2

alkene general formula

Answer 2

Cn H2n

Question 3

benzene general formula

Answer 3

C6 H6

Question 4

benzene structure

Answer 4

• single bonds are longer than double bonds
• pairs of electrons from double bonds are delocalised within
• stable and unreactive due to strong bonds
• insoluble

Question 5

hydrocarbon reaction with alkanes

Answer 5

• with the presence of UV light, halogens can react
• a carbon-hydrogen bond is broken and replaced by a carbon-halogen bond
• substitution reaction

Question 6

hydrocarbon reactions with alkenes

Answer 6

• double carbon-carbon covalent bonds usually involve the addition of a small molecule to the double bond of the alkene
• addition reaction

Question 7

hydrocarbon reaction with benzenes

Answer 7

• with the presence of catalysts (AlCl & AlBr), benzene also undergoes substitution reactions
• hydrogen atom is replaced by another/group of atoms

Question 8

find the number of mols

Answer 8

n = m/M

Question 9

find the mass

Answer 9

m = n x M

Question 10

endothermic process

Answer 10

• when bonds are broken, energy is required to break these bonds
• system receives heat flow
• surrounding temp decreases

Question 11

exothermic process

Answer 11

• bond making, energy is released when chemical bonds are being made
• system releases heat flow
• surrounding temp increases

Question 12

nanomaterial

Answer 12

a material that has different properties to the bulk material because of the small size of the particles it contains

Question 13

covalent bonds are most commonly found between

Answer 13

elements with similar but relatively high first ionisation energies

Question 14

allotrope

Answer 14

elements existing with their atoms in several different structural arrangements giving them different physical forms