Organic chem

Question 1

Boiling point

Answer 1

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point

Question 2

Melting point

Answer 2

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the melting point.

Question 3

Vapour pressure

Answer 3

The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the lower the vapour pressure

Question 4

Molecular formula

Answer 4

A chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule.
Example: C4H8O

Question 5

Structural formula

Answer 5

A structural formula of a compound shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent ALL the bonds that hold the atoms
together.

Question 6

Condensed structural formula

Answer 6

This notation shows the way in which atoms are
bonded together in the molecule, but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines.
Example: CH3CH2COCH3

Question 7

Saturated compounds

Answer 7

Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains

Question 8

Unsaturated compounds

Answer 8

Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between

C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains

Question 9

Functional group

Answer 9

A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds

Question 10

Functional isomer

Answer 10

The same molecular formula, but different functional groups

Question 11

Positional isomers

Answer 11

Same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain e.g.: 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane or but-2-ene and but-1-ene

Question 12

Chain isomers

Answer 12

Same molecular formula, but different types of chains, e.g. butane and 2-methylpropane

Question 13

Cracking

Answer 13

The chemical process in which longer chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down to shorter more useful molecules.

Question 14

Hydrocarbon

Answer 14

Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only.

Question 15

Homologous series

Answer 15

A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula

Question 16

Structural Isomer

Answer 16

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.