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Organic > Organic Chapter1 > Flashcards

Organic Chapter1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who synthesized the first organic compound from an inorganic source.

A

Friedrich Wohler.

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2
Q

What did theory did Friedrich Wohler discredit . How?

A

Vital force theory. He proved it wrong by showing that not only living things have organic molecules. Non living things can have organic molecules too.

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3
Q

Define Organic Chem.

A

It is the study of carbon containing compounds except elemental carbon, (dimond, graphite, buckyball) CO2, CO, carbonates, and cyanides.

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4
Q

Define Inorganic Chem.

A

It studies the elements and everything else

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5
Q

Organic Properties

A

Usually covalent, intermolecular forces are weak, Normally found as gases, liquids, or low melting point solids, flammable, insoluble, nonconductor, slow reacting.

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6
Q

Inorganic

A

Usually Ionic, intermolecular forces are strong, Normally found as solids, nonflammable, high solubility, conductor, fast reacting.

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7
Q

Which are Organic
A. NaCl
B. C6H6
C. CH3OH

A

B. C.

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8
Q

In Carbon what does the 2s and 2p mix to make.(bonding)

A

sp3 hybrid orbital

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9
Q

Define Sigma bond.

A

It is the sharing of two electrons in an overlap region.
In chemistry, sigma bonds (σ bonds) are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond. They are formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals.

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10
Q

Define Isomers

A

Compounds that have identical molecular formulas, but different arrangement of atoms.

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11
Q

Structural isomers

A

A type of isomerism in which the atoms bond in different patterns.

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12
Q

Functional Groups

A

Unique reactive combination of atoms that different organic compounds into classes. Ex. Alcohol, Aldehyde.

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13
Q

Except of alkanes, each functional group contains….

A

A multiple bond or at least one oxygen or nitrogen atom.

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14
Q

Expanded Structural formula.

A

Shows all atoms with bonds

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15
Q

Condensed structural formula.

A

list all the atoms in order implying how they are bonded together Ex. CH3CH2CH2CH3

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16
Q

Line-Angle Formula(skeletal)

A

Each end and angle represents a carbon, hydrogens are understood to completely saturated all carbons (alkanes)

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17
Q

Which compounds are saturated

A

Alkanes

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18
Q

Hydrocarbons Contain….

A

only carbon and hydrogen.

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19
Q

A single bonded Hydrocarbon is….

A

Saturated or an alkane.

20
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are called…

A

Alkanes, Alkynes, and aromatic and contain double bonds, triple bonds, or ring systems with alternating bonds. Unsaturated because or double or triple bond.

21
Q

Alkanes general formula.

A

CnH2n+2

22
Q

Simplest alkane is methane.

A

CH4.

23
Q

Conformations of alkanes have….

A

free rotation around C-C bonds

24
Q

Comformations

A

The different arrangements of atoms in space achieved by rotation about single bonds.

25
Q

Conformations constantly…..

A

change because molecules are in constant motion (twisting, turning, vibrating, and bending) (the order of bonding in comformations stays the same) (different conformations do not represent different structural isomers.)

26
Q

The prefix- Iso means

A

that all the carbons expect one are in a continuous chain and that one carbon is branched from THE NEXT TO THE END CARBON. CH3

                      |
               CH3CHCH3
                 Isobutane
27
Q

Alkyl Groups:

A

Single-bonded carbon chain groups that are no part of the main or parent chain (they can be thought of as alkanes minus one hydrogen atoms) CH3-CH2 (notice the H2 (that makes it alkyl))

28
Q

Cycloalkanes

A

Are alkanes containing rings of carbon atoms

29
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Are compounds with the same structural formulas but different spatial arrangements of atoms

30
Q

Geometric Isomers

A

They are molecules with restricted rotation around C-C bonds that differ in the 3D arrangements of their atoms in space and not in the order of linkage. (rotation occurs in open-chain compounds but not with in rings like cycloalkanes).

31
Q

Because there is no rotation in geometric isomers they are…..

A

Considered to be different compounds. Two geometric isomers can have very different different physical and chem. properties.

32
Q

Cis

A

Substituents on the same side.

33
Q

Trans

A

Substituents on the opposite sides.

34
Q

To exist as a geometric isomer the groups must be…

A

on two different carbons.

35
Q

Alkanes are….

A 
Nonpolar molecules with weak intermolecular forces.
Low density (less dense than water)
Melting points and boiling increase with molecular size
36
Q

Because of weak intermolecular forces….

A

Alkanes have lower melting and boiling points than other organic compounds with comparable molecular weights.

37
Q

Homologous Series

A

Any series of compounds in which each member differs from a previous member by having an additional CH2- unit.

38
Q

Describe Alkane reactions

A

Alkanes are the least reactive of all organic compounds.
Don’t react with strong acids, strong bases, and most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents.
Do react with halogens (Chlorine and bromine).
Most significant reaction of alkanes is combustion.
Used as fuel.

39
Q

Complete Combustion:

A

combustion in the presence of adequate oxygen; produces carbon dioxide and water.

40
Q

Incomplete Combustion:

A

Combustion when not enough oxygen is available; produces water and wither carbon or carbon monoxide.

41
Q

What is a major difference between organic and inorganic compounds.

A

The primary difference that lies between these organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always have a carbon atom while most of the inorganic compounds do not contain the carbon atom in them.

42
Q

Alkanes represent one family of organic compounds….

A

that are composed of single-bonded carbons with hydrogens surrounding them.

43
Q

The ability of carbon to bond to other carbons, forming long chains is called…

A

Hybridization

44
Q

How many structural isomers are possible for compounds with a molecular formula of C4H10.

A

2

45
Q

How many structural Isomers does C4H10 and C5H12 and C6H14 have

A

2, 3, 5

46
Q

Isomers have identical physical and chem. properties T or F

A

F

47
Q

A chemical property/characteristic of the alkanes is that they burn in air when sparked. T or F

A

T

Organic (1 decks)

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