Organic Flashcards
1
Q
Define Organic
A
- All compounds of carbons
- except oxides of carbons CO2 metals carbonates(CO3) Carbides (C2 2-) cyanide (CN-)
2
Q
What are the two classes of hydrocarbons?
A
- Aliphatic
- Aromatic
3
Q
3 groups of Aliphatics
A
- Alkanes
- Alkenes
- Alkynes
4
Q
Alkanes
A
- simplest class of organic compounds
- formula : CnH2n+2
- single bonds
- saturated
- suffix: ane
5
Q
Alkenes
A
- double bond
- unsaturated
- formula: CnH2n
- suffix: ene
6
Q
Alkynes
A
- triple bond
- formula: CnH2n-2
- Suffix: yne
7
Q
Isomers
A
- same molecular compound (same no. of atoms)
8
Q
Cyclic hydrocarbons
A
- Aliphatic compounds that form rings.
- Alkenes turn into alkanes
- Alkynes turn into alkenes
- uses “cyclo” prefix
9
Q
Aromatics
A
- Have a benzene ring
- Formula : C6H6
- seen as phenyl or benzene
10
Q
Alkyl Halides
A
- Hydrocarbons with halogens (group 17)
- liquid under ordinary conditions and insoluble in water
11
Q
Alcohols
A
- Formula : R-OH
- Saturated
- seen with “ol” or “hydroxy”
12
Q
Carboxylic acid
A
- Formula: O=C-OH
- seen with “-oic acid”
13
Q
Esters (esterification or condensation)
A
- Reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol
- Formula: RCOOR
- Alcohol named first, then acid
14
Q
Polymer
A
- Large molecules composed of small repeating units called monomers
15
Q
Addition polymer
A
- monomer undergo addition with same monomer
- monomer must have double bond
16
Q
Condensation polymerization
A
- Both monomers must have at least two functional groups on each side
17
Q
Boiling point and Solubility order
A
Alkane
18
Q
Crude Oil Refining
A
- BP of components are used to separate compounds (called fractional distillation
- Compounds w/ higher BP condense first, bcs lower BP have to travel higher to condense
19
Q
Cracking
A
- Larger molecules to smaller molecules
- Alkane turns into small alkane and small alkene
20
Q
Reforming
A
- Converts cycloalkane into aromatics (cyclohexane to benzene)
21
Q
Alkylation
A
- Increasing size and branching (adding things together)
22
Q
Products of incomplete combustion
A
- CO
- H2O
- C
23
Q
Addition Reactions
A
- Alkenes or alkynes only
- add on diatomic group, creating a bond (double bond or triple bond changes)
24
Q
Bromine test
A
- Bromine does not react w/ alkanes bcs its saturated
- if a double bond is present, bromine (brown) turns colorless
25
Elimination Reaction
- Opposite of addition
- alkane can become alkene or alkyne
- alcohol becomes alkene
- Halide becomes Alkene
26
Subsitution
- Only works for alkanes?
| - switch atom from each compound
