Organic 2

Question 1

What is the method for making ethanol by hydration of ethene?

Answer 1

Ethene gas is mixed with steam under these conditions: 300°C, 65 atm pressure and using Phosphoric acid as the catalyst.

Question 2

What are the advantages of making ethanol by hydration of ethene?

Answer 2

Makes pure ethanol
Can run continuously

Question 3

What are the disadvantages of making ethanol by hydration of ethene?

Answer 3

Conditions require lots of energy
Non-renewable raw material (crude oil) used

Question 4

What is the method for making ethanol by fermentation of glucose?

Answer 4

Glucose is fermented micro biologically under these conditions: using yeast (provides enzymes), 30°C (the enzymes’ optimum temperature and anaerobically to prevent oxidation.

Question 5

What are the advantages of making ethanol by fermentation of glucose?

Answer 5

Renewable raw material (sugar cane) used
Conditions not energy-intensive

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of making ethanol by fermentation of glucose?

Answer 6

Makes impure ethanol
Must be done in individual batches

Question 7

What are three ways that ethanol can be oxidised?

Answer 7

Combustion
Microbial oxidation
Chemical oxidation

Question 8

What is the balance chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol?

Answer 8

C2H5OH + 3 O2 → 2 CO2 + 3 H2O

Question 9

Ethanol tons to combust completely, which results in what kind of flame?

Answer 9

Blue non-luminous

Question 10

what is the chemical equation for microbial oxidation of ethanol?

Answer 10

C2H5OH + 2 [O] —> CH3COOH + H2O

Question 11

What would you use to oxidise ethanol in a lab? (Chemically)

Answer 11

Heat it with a mixture of Potassium Dichromate(VI) (K2Cr2O7)
And dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 12

What is the colour change in chemical oxidation of ethanol?

Answer 12

Orange to green

Question 13

How would you make an ester?

Answer 13

Mix the carboxylic acid and alcohol together.
Add a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid which acts as a catalyst for the reaction.
Warm it up for a while
Tip the mixture into sodium carbonate solution which neutralises the catalyst

Question 14

What are esters used for?

Answer 14

Food flavourings
Perfumes

Question 15

Carboxylic acid reaction with metal is what kind or reaction

Answer 15

Redox

Question 16

What would you see in an carboxylic acid + metal reaction?

Answer 16

Effervescence
Solid disappears

Question 17

What is vinegar?

Answer 17

An aqueous solution of ethanoic acids

Question 18

What is the general pH of carboxylic acids?

Answer 18

3-6 (weak)

Question 19

What kind of reaction is carboxylic acids with carbonates?

Answer 19

Neutralisation

Question 20

What would you see after a reaction of carboxylic acids with carbonates?

Answer 20

Effervescence
Solid disappears

Question 21

Carboxylic acid + alcohol —>

Answer 21

Ester + water
(The reaction is reversible)

Question 22

What is the functional group for an ester?

Answer 22

(-COO-)

Question 23

What is a polyester?

Answer 23

A polymer made of lots of molecules joined together in a chain by ester groups.

Question 24

How do you make a polyester?

Answer 24

By mixing together two types of monomer - dicarboxylic acid and a diol.

Question 25

What is a biopolyester?

Answer 25

They are biodegradable polyesters which means that microbes such as bacteria and fungi can use enzymes to break down the polymer into its monomers and use them as an energy supply.

Question 26

Why are biopolyesters a good thing?

Answer 26

It reduces our reliance on landfill and incineration to dispose of used polyesters.