Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Organic > Flashcards

Organic Flashcards

1
Q

Carbonyl compound

A

Compound containing a carbon double bonded to an oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Curly arrow

A

Mechanism to show the movement of a pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electrophile

A

Electron pair acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

E/Z isomer

A

Type of steroisomerism caused by restricted rotation around the C=C
Carbon atoms must have two different groups attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms responsible for the characteristics of the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functional group isomer

A

Same molecular formula but with atoms arranged into different functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homologous series

A

the same general formula and similar chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intermediate

A

Reactive molecule that occurs in the middle of a step wise reaction mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleophile

A

Electron pair donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stereoisomer

A

Same structural formula but atoms are arranged in a differently in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Structural isomer

A

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unsaturated

A

Double carbon bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prefix for one carbon long branch

A

Methyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are — used

A

Between numbers and words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are ,used

A

Between numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fluorine prefix

A

Floro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two basic types of isomer

A

Structural and steroeoisomerism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functional group isomer

A

Has a different functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Functional group isomer

A

Has a different functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chain isomerism

A

Hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently
(Branches in the chain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Positional isomer

A

Same functional group but on different places in carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do straight chain hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point than branched ones

A

Chain can be closer to each other so stronger van der waals attraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Crude oil

A

Formed over millions of years from the breakdown of organisms and dead plankton at high temperatures and pressures below earths surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why is crude oil non renewable

A

Demand is higher than the rate it takes to form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fraction

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling point and carbon chain length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Order of fractions in fractional distillation

A

Refinery oil
Petroleum
Naptha
Kerosene
Diesel oil
Fuel oil
Residue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Refinery oil

A

Top fraction
1-5 carbon chain
2%
Bottled gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Petroleum

A

Second fraction
5-10 carbon chain
8%
Fuel for cars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Naphtha

A

3rd fraction
Making chemicals
8-12 carbon
10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Kerosene

A

4th fraction
Aeroplane fuel
11-16 carbon chain
14%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Diesel oil

A

5th fraction
Fuels for large vehicles
12-24 carbon chain
21%

32
Q

Fuel oil

A

6th fraction
Fuel for large ships
25+ carbon chain
30%

33
Q

Residue

A

7th fraction
Bitumen
70+ carbon chain

34
Q

How many fractions are there in fractional distillation

A

7

35
Q

Shorter carbon chains are

A

More volatile
Ignite easily
Low viscosity

36
Q

Longer carbon chains

A

High boiling point
High viscosity

37
Q

Fractional distillation steps

A

1- crude oil is heated in a furnace
2- mixture of liquids and vapour enter tower
3- thick residue collects at base (bitumen)
4- vapour passed up tower until, it reaches a tray that is cool enough
5- cools and condenses and are piped off

38
Q

Why is fractional distillation a physical process

A

Because the hydrocarbons are changing state

39
Q

Conditions for thermal cracking

A

High temperature and pressure

40
Q

Why is thermal cracking done for a short amount of time

A

To prevent decomposition

41
Q

What does thermal cracking produce

A

Unsaturated Alkenes

42
Q

How to test for alkenes

A

Use bromine
Shake
Goes from orange to colourless

43
Q

Uses of alkenes

A

Making plastics, paint and polymers

44
Q

Standards for catalytic cracking

A

High temperature and moderate pressure

45
Q

What does a lower pressure do (cost)

A

Make it cheaper

46
Q

What is the catalyst like in catalic cracking

A

Honeycomb structure
Large surface area

47
Q

What does catalytic cracking make

A

Chains of alkanes
VERY FEW alkenes

48
Q

Uses for alkanes

A

Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals

49
Q

Complete combustion eqation

A

Alkane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide +water vapour

50
Q

Incomplete combustion equation

A

Alkane + oxygen -> carbon monoxide+ water vapour+ sometimes soot/carbon

51
Q

Reaction profile for endothermic

A

Reactants have less energy than products

52
Q

Reaction profile for exothermic

A

Reactants have more energy than products

53
Q

Water vapour

A

Greenhouse gas

54
Q

Methane (unburnt hydrocarbons)

A

Greenhouse gases

55
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Greenhouse gas although needed for photosynthesis etc

56
Q

Sulfur dioxide

A

It is soluble in clouds so it forms acid rain

57
Q

Soot

A

Asthma or cancer

58
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Toxic and flammable

59
Q

Nitrogen oxide

A

From cars
Soluble in clouds so forms acid rain

60
Q

Greenhouse affect

A

1-Infrared radiation from sun hits earth
2- Radiation is absorbed y the bonds in greenhouse gas
3-admits it into atmosphere
4- the more greenhouse gas present more likely it is to be absorbed

61
Q

Flue gas’s

A

Fossil fuels burnt in power stations which contain sulfur

62
Q

How is flue gas stopped

A

Calcium oxide and water to form calcium slufice
Further oxidised to produce sodium sulfate (gypsum)

63
Q

What is gypsum and its use

A

Calcium sulfate
Make plaster

64
Q

What are cataylic converters made from

A

Ceramic honeycomb coated with platinum and rhodium

65
Q

What do catalytic converters do

A

Reduce output of carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxide and unurnt hydrocarbons

66
Q

How do catalytic converters work

A

When the olluting gasses pass over the catalyst they react with each other to produce less harmful greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide

67
Q

How are halogenoallkanes made

A

When the diatomic halogen undergoes homolytic fission when exposed to uv light

68
Q

Homolytic fission

A

Equal splitting of a covalent bond leaving each element an unpaire electron leaving a free radical

69
Q

When are free radicals made

A

Making a halogenolkane
Thermal cracking

70
Q

Curly arrow

A

Movement of electrons

71
Q

Substitution reaction

A

One atom swapped directly for another
Same number of bonds

72
Q

There steps fort making a halognoalkane

A

Initiation
propagation
Termination

73
Q

Initiation steps

A

Homolytic fission of the halogen by absorbing one quantum of uv light
Two free radicals are made

74
Q

Propagation steps

A

One free radical reacts with the hydrocarbon leaving.a free radical
That free radical reacts with a halogen

75
Q

Termination steps

A

Free radicals ar bonded together

76
Q

What do CFC’s damage

A

The ozone layer

Chemistry (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions