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chemistry <3 > organic > Flashcards

organic Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene -> alcohol reagent & reaction

A

addition reaction, H2O/H+

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2
Q

alkene -> polymer reagent & reaction

A

polymerisation, heat + catalyst

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3
Q

alkene -> alkane reagent & reaction

A

addition/hydrogenation, H2, Pt catalyst,

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4
Q

alkene -> diol reagent & reaction

A

oxidation, MnO4-/H+

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5
Q

alkene -> haloalkane reagent & reaction

A

addition/bromination/chlorination, HF/HCl/HBr/HI, Br2, Cl2

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6
Q

alkane -> alkene reagent & reaction

A

cracking, heat and or catalyst

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7
Q

alkane -> haloalkane reagent & reaction

A

substitution, Br2, Cl2,

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8
Q

haloalkane -> amine reagent & reaction

A

substitution, conc NH3 (alcoholic)

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9
Q

haloalkane -> alkene reagent & reaction

A

elimination, KOH (alcoholic),

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10
Q

haloalkane -> alcohol reagent & reaction

A

substitution, KOH (aqueous)

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11
Q

alcohol -> alkene reagent & reaction

A

elimination, conc H2SO4/H2O,

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12
Q

alcohol -> haloalkane reagent & reaction

A

substitution, PCl3, PCl5, SOCl2

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13
Q

alcohol -> carboxylic acid reagent & reaction

A

total oxidation MnO4-/H+or Cr2O72-/H+,

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14
Q

alkane in water

A

immiscible, two layers as it floats on top

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15
Q

alkene in water

A

immiscible, two layers as it floats on top

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16
Q

alcohol in water

A

soluble (up to 5 carbon atoms in chain length)

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17
Q

carboxylic acid in water

A

soluble (up to 5 carbon atoms in chain length)

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18
Q

amine in water

A

soluble (up to 5 carbon atoms in chain length)

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19
Q

alkane in Na2CO3(aq)

A

immiscible, two layers as it floats on top

20
Q

alkene in Na2CO3(aq)

A

immiscible, two layers as it floats on top

21
Q

alcohol in Na2CO3(aq)

A

soluble (up to 5 carbon atoms in chain length)

22
Q

carboxylic acid in Na2CO3(aq)

A

bubbling salt, water and carbon dioxide formed

23
Q

amine in Na2CO3(aq)

A

soluble (up to 5 carbon atoms in chain length)

24
Q

carboxylic acid in Mg or Zn

A

bubbling as salt, water and hydrogen gas is formed

25
Q

carboxylic acid in conc NaOH or HCl

A

neutralisation reaction, acids insoluble in water will be soluble in 6M NaOH as acids react to form sodium salt of acid

26
Q

amine conc NaOH or HCl

A

neutralisation reaction, amines insoluble in water will be soluble in 6M HCl as amines react to form ammonium chloride salt

27
Q

alkane in Br2(aq)

A

orange -> colourless after 10 mins left in light. substitution reaction, 2 products formed, one is HBr the other is 1-bromoalkane

28
Q

alkene in Br2(aq)

A

orange -> colourless immediately. addition reaction, immediate reaction 1 product formed which is di-bromoalkane

29
Q

alkene in acidified MnO4-

A

purple -> colourless oxidation reaction, diol formed

30
Q

alcohol in acidified MnO4-

A

purple -> colourless oxidation reaction, carboxylic acid formed

31
Q

alcohol in acidified Cr2O72-

A

oxidation reaction, orange -> green carboxylic acid

32
Q

alcohol in universal indicator

A

green (neutral)

33
Q

carboxylic acid in universal indicator

A

orange or yellow (acidic)

34
Q

amine in universal indicator

A

blue (basic)

35
Q

carboxylic acid in damp litmus paper

A

blue litmus turns red

36
Q

amine in damp litmus paper

A

red litmus turns blue

37
Q

what type of alcohol? (primary, secondary, tertiary)

A

the carbon the alcohol group is bonded to is bonded to _ other carbon atoms

38
Q

why does polymerisation occur

A

a large number of small alkene molecules are joined to form a single molecule (polymer). the reaction occurs when the double bond in each monomer is broken and replaced by a new bond to a carbon atom in an adjacent molecule, linking monomers together in a long chain.

39
Q

double bond and geometric isomerism (cis/trans)

A

the presence of the double bond means that there is no free rotation around the C-C bond and each of the carbon atoms in the double bond have two different groups attached. Hence, there are two different ways to arrange the groups around the double bond and two isomers can be drawn

40
Q

Cis isomer

A

particles on the same side

41
Q

Trans isomer

A

particles on alternating sides

42
Q

Isomer definition

A

molecules that have the same number and type of atoms but are arranged differently / have a different order of connectivity

43
Q

Addition reaction (why)

A

two small molecules form to one molecule with no other products formed.

44
Q

but-1-ene (double bond on edge) , products formed

A

forms two products because position of double bond means 2 ways HBr can be added. (If the hydrogen is added to carbon with most carbon atoms, major product is formed.)

45
Q

but-2-ene (double bond at centre), products formed

A

forms only 1 product as position of the double bond means molecule is symmetrical so there is only one possibility for HBr to be added.

chemistry <3 (3 decks)

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