Organic Flashcards
General formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
Molecular formulae
The number of atoms of each type of element present in the compound
Empirical formulae
Smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Structural formulae
Shows how atoms are arranged together in a molecule of a chemical compound but does not show all the bonds between them
Skeletal formula
Diagram representation of organic compound, lines represent bonds between atoms, atoms represented by their symbol. Hydrogen assumed at end of line if no other atomic symbol present
Homologous series
A series of chemical compounds containing the same functional group
General formula
A type of empirical formula that represents the composition of any member of an entire class of compounds
Displayed formula
A type of structural isomer that shows all the bonds between every atom in the compound
How do you name organic compounds?
1) Count carbons in longest continuous chain that contains functional group- stem (meth, eth)
2) main functional group gives end of name (suffix)
3) write carbon number functional group is on before suffix
4) side chains/ less important functional groups added as prefix at start of name- alphabetical order
5) more than one identical side chain = di-, tri-, tetra-
How do IUPAC rules help avoid confusion
Agreed international language of chemistry- scientists can communicate scientific ideas across globe more effectively
Structural isomerism
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula
Position isomer
Position of functional group changed on carbon chain
Chain isomerism
Change in the carbon chain (branching)
Functional group isomerism
Change functional group
E-Z isomerism
Type of stereoisomerism, due to restriction in rotation around C=C
