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Sample Cardz > ORGANIC 1: Chapter 1: Hybridization & Bonding > Flashcards

ORGANIC 1: Chapter 1: Hybridization & Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp2

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2
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp3

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3
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp

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4
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp

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5
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp3

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6
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp3

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7
Q

True or False

The indicated atom is sp3 hybridized.

A

False!
Because this atom with a lone pair is adjacent to a pi bond, it can participate in resonance, which affects the hybridization. This atom has a hybridization in between sp2 and sp3.

Look out for allylic lone pairs! (allylic = adjacent to a double bond)

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8
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp3

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9
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp2

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10
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp3

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11
Q

What is the relationship between bond length & bond strength?

A

The shorter the bond, the stronger it is and

the longer the bond, the weaker it is

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12
Q

Which of the indicated bonds in the molecule shown below is the longest?

A

A

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13
Q

Which of the indicated bonds in the molecule shown below is the shortest?

A

C

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14
Q

Which of the indicated bonds in the molecule shown below is the strongest?

A

C

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15
Q

Which of the indicated bonds in the molecule shown below is the weakest?

A

A

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16
Q

Sigma bonds are formed from the overlap of _______ orbitals.

A

Hybrid orbitals (sp, sp2, sp3, etc.) or atomic orbitals (hydrogen-hydrogen/carbon-hydrogen)

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17
Q

Pi bonds are formed from the overlap of _______ orbitals.

A

P orbitals

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18
Q

What type of bonding is depicted below?

A

Sigma bonding

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19
Q

What type of bonding is depectied below?

A

Sigma anti-bonding

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20
Q

What type of bonding is depectied below?

A

Pi bonding

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21
Q

What type of bonding is depectied below?

A

Pi anti-bonding

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22
Q

What is the formula to calculate formal charge?

A

Formal Charge = # valence electrons - # bonds - # electrons

or

Formal Charge = # valence electrons - # lines - # dots

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23
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

0

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24
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

+1

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25
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

+1

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26
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

+1

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27
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

-1

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28
Q

Define

Constitutional Isomers

A

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different connectivity

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29
Q

How many valence electrons does oxygen have?

A

6

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30
Q

How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?

A

5

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31
Q

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A

4

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32
Q

Define

Condensed Structure

A

Structural representation that omits some/all covalent bonds and displays all atoms bound to a carbon in the list next to it.

(i.e. CH3CH3)

33
Q

Bond Angle & Geometry

sp2

A

120°, trigonal planar

34
Q

Bond Angle & Geometry

sp3

A

109.5°, tetrahedral

35
Q

Bond Angle & Geometry

sp

A

180°, linear

36
Q

What hybridization does an atom have if it has 3 regions of electron density?

A

sp2

37
Q

What hybridization does an atom have if it has 4 regions of electron density?

A

sp3

38
Q

What hybridization does an atom have if it has 2 regions of electron density?

A

sp

39
Q

How many atoms in the molecule below display tetrahedral geometry?

A

6 atoms (all sp3 hybridized atoms)

40
Q

What molecular geometry does the indicated atom display?

A

Trigonal planar (sp2 hybridized)

41
Q

What type of bonding is depicted below?

A

Sigma bonding

42
Q

What type of bonding is depicted below?

A

Sigma anti-bonding

43
Q

What orbitals overlap to form the C-C bond in ethane (CH3CH3)?

A

sp3-sp3

44
Q

What orbitals overlap to form the C-H bond in ethane (CH3CH3)?

A

sp3-s

45
Q

What orbitals overlap to form the C-C bonds in ethene (CH2=CH2)?

A

Sigma: sp2-sp2
Pi: p-p

46
Q

What orbitals overlap to form the C-H bond in ethene (CH2=CH2)?

A

sp2-s

47
Q

What orbitals overlap to form the C-C bond in ethyne (CH≡CH)?

A

Sigma: sp-sp
Pi: p-p x2

48
Q

What orbitals overlap to form the C-H bond in ethyne (CH≡CH)?

A

sp-s

49
Q

What is the hybridization of the indicated atom?

A

sp

50
Q

How many hydrogens are present on the indicated atom?

A

0 hydrogens

51
Q

What orbital does the lone pair on the carbon occupy?

A

sp

52
Q

How many hydrogens are present on the indicated atom?

A

1 hydrogen

53
Q

How many hydrogens are present on the indicated atom?

A

3 hydrogens

54
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

+1

55
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

+1

56
Q

What is the formal charge of the indicated atom?

A

0

57
Q

Given the formal charge of the indicated atom, how many lone pairs are present?

A

Two lone pairs (4 total electrons)

58
Q

Given the formal charge of the indicated atom, how many lone pairs are present?

A

Three lone pairs (6 total electrons)

59
Q

Given the formal charge of the indicated atom, how many lone pairs are present?

A

One lone pair (2 total electrons)

60
Q

Given the formal charge of the indicated atom, how many lone pairs are present?

A

Two lone pairs (4 total electrons)

61
Q

Given the formal charge of the indicated atom, how many lone pairs are present?

A

One lone pair (2 total electrons)

62
Q

Given the formal charge of the indicated atom, how many lone pairs are present?

A

Two lone pairs (4 total electrons)

63
Q

How many sp3 carbons are present in the molecule below?

A

Two

64
Q

How many sp2 carbons are present in the molecule below?

A

Five

65
Q

What orbitals overlap to form the C-H bond in methane (CH4)?

A

sp3-s

66
Q

What orbital are the lone pairs on the blue atom found in?

A

sp3 orbitals

67
Q

What orbital are the lone pairs on the blue atom found in?

A

sp2 orbitals

*they are not in the p-orbital because that is where the pi bond occupies

68
Q

What orbital is the lone pair on the blue atom found in?

A

The p orbital

*even though the atom appears to be sp3 hybridized, notice that it can resonate with the adjacent double bond. If a lone pair can resonate, it must be in the p orbital.

69
Q

What orbital is the lone pair on the blue atom found in?

A

sp orbital

70
Q

What orbital is the lone pair on the blue atom found in?

A

sp3 orbital

71
Q

What orbital is the lone pair on the blue atom found in?

A

p orbital

72
Q

Which compound is more polar?

A

B

The dipoles present in A cancel out.

73
Q

Define

Methylene Group

A

A methylene group is a CH2 group found within long carbon chains.

74
Q

What is the approximate bond angle of the C1-C2-C3 bond?

A

109.5°
due to the central atom being sp3 hybridized.

75
Q

What is the approximate bond angle of the O4-C5-C6 bond?

A

120°
due to the central atom being sp2 hybridized.

76
Q

Which atoms are connected via the strongest bond?

A

C5-O7

77
Q

How many hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule below?

A

10 hydrogens

78
Q

True or False

Resonance increases the stability of a molecule.

A

True!

79
Q

Which of the following compounds has the longest bond?

A

D

This is due to the large atomic radius of iodine relative to the other halogens.

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