Organelles working Together (page 14) Flashcards
What production are Organelles involved in?
They are involved in Protein Production
Where are Proteins made?
At the Ribosomes
Proteins are made at what organelle?
at the Ribosomes
The Ribosomes on the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) make proteins that are excreted or attached to what?
the cell membrane.
The free ribosomes in the cytoplasm make proteins that stay in the cytoplasm.
What new proteins are produced at the rough ER, and folded and processed?
e.g. sugar chains are added in the rough ER
When the proteins are processed at the rough ER where do they get transported?
they are transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles.
What happens to the proteins at the Golgi apparatus?
the proteins may undergo further processing (e.g. sugar chains are trimmed or more added).
After the proteins have been processed at the Golgi apparatus, what happens next?
the proteins enter more vesicles to be transported around the cell. (e.g. glycoproteins (found in mucus) move to the cell surface and are secreted).
Look at diagram on page 14 for protein production in a cell.
What is Cytoskeleton?
a network of protein threads.
(the organelles in cells are surrounded by the cytoplasm. the cytoplasm is more than just a solution of chemicals though - its got a network of protein threads running through it called cytoskeleton).
In eukaryotic cells, the protein threads (cytoskeleton) are arranged as microfilaments and microtubles, what are these?
microfilaments - sma;l solid strands
mictotubles - tiny protein cylinders
see diagram 2 on page 14 showing microtubles, microfilaments etc.
What are the 4 main functions of the cytoskeleton?
1) the microtublules and microfilaments support the cell’s organelles, kepping them in position
2) They help to stregthen the cell and maintain its shape.
3) they are responsible for themovement of materials within the cell. (e.g. the movement of chromosomes when they separate during cell division depends on contraction of microtubles in the spindle (see pages 60-62 for more on cell division)).
4) The proteins of the cytoskeleton can also cause the cell to move. (e.g. the movement of cilia and flagella is caused by the cytoskeletal protein filaments that run through them. So in the case of singl cells that have a flagellum (e.g. sperm cells), the cytoskeleton propels the whole cell).
The assemby of microtubules and microfilaments, and the movement of materials along them requires energy from repiration, why?
So microtubules and microfilaments can be prevented from functioning using respiratory inhibitors.
