Organelles (Purposes and Functions)

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Purpose: Acts as the control center of the cell

Function: Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities such as growth and metabolism

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Purpose: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, it provides energy needed for cell processes

Function: Produces ATP (energy) through cellular respiration

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Purpose: Essential for producing proteins

Function: Synthesize proteins by translating genetic information from mRNA

Question 4

Rough E.R.

Answer 4

Purpose: Responsible for producing and processing proteins

Function: Involved in protein synthesis and modification

Question 5

Smooth E.R.

Answer 5

Purpose: Responsible for producing and processing lipids

Function: Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

Purpose: Acts as the shipping and receiving center of the cell

Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or usage in the cell

Question 7

Cell Membrane

Answer 7

Purpose: Maintains the internal environment and protects the cell by regulating its interaction with the outside environment

Function: Controls what enters and exits the cell (selectively permeable)

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Purpose: Supports the cell and provides a medium where chemical reactions can occur

Function: The gel-like substance where organelles are suspended

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Purpose: Works as the cell’s waste disposal system

Function: Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste

Question 10

Peroxisomes

Answer 10

Purpose: Protect the cell from damage by neutralizing toxic byproducts

Function: Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances

Question 11

Chloroplast

Answer 11

Purpose: Provide energy for the plant by providing glucose and oxygen

Function: Preform photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose)

Question 12

Cell Wall

Answer 12

Purpose: Helps maintain the plant’s shape and protects from pathogens

Function: Provides structural support and protection to the cell

Question 13

Central Vacuole

Answer 13

Purpose: Helps maintain the rigidity of the cell by keeping it swollen with water

Function: Stores water, nutrients, and waste products

Question 14

Centrioles

Answer 14

Purpose: Plays a crucial role in cell division by ensuring proper chromosome distribution

Function: Help organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division (mitosis)