Organelles in Plant and Animal Cells [Definitions] Flashcards
A watery fluid, is a key component of a cell, occupying most of the cell. Contains organelles, materials like food and oxygen, chemical reactions, and waste storage. [both]
CYTOPLASM
Also known as a plasma membrane, acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the movement of materials like nutrients and waste within and outside the cell. [both]
CELL MEMBRANE
The control center of the cell, regulates all cellular activities and is often surrounded by a nuclear membrane. It contains chromosomes, which carry information for functioning and reproduction, which are copied and passed onto offspring cells. [both]
NUCLEUS
Cells use fluid-filled compartments for storage, storing water, nutrients, wastes, and excess water. Plant cells have a large vacuole, while animal cells have multiple small vacuoles and a membrane around them. Wastes are eventually moved out of the cell. [both]
VACUOLE
Surrounded by a membrane, contains enzymes that clean the cytoplasm by absorbing unwanted materials and breaking them down using membrane enzymes. Breaks down food and digests waste. [animal cells]
LYSOSOMES
The cell’s membranes form canals through the cytoplasm, producing proteins & transporting them throughout the cell and to the outside. [both]
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Cell-based protein builders or synthesizers, responsible for cell growth, repair, and reproduction. They are found in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is rough and bumpy. [both]
RIBOSOMES
A folded membrane similar to endoplasmic reticulum, customizes ribosome-produced proteins for the cell by altering their shape and adding additional materials. [both]
GOLGI APPARATUS
Cell powerhouses that act like digestive systems, absorbing nutrients and breaking them down to create energy. They float freely, with the matrix containing fluid and two membranes. The outer covers the organelle-like skin, while the inner folds over to create cristae. [both]
MITOCHONDRIA
A rigid structure containing cellulose, serves as a filtering mechanism, allowing nutrients, wastes, water, and other substances to pass through its small pores [plant cells].
CELL WALL
Chlorophyll-containing green organelles, oval-shaped with folded membranes, are the site of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into food for plants.
CHLOROPLASTS
Large molecules used by the cell
Proteins
Long, tail-like structures that emerge from cells and move through fluids through a whip-like motion or corkscrew rotation, with a maximum of two.
Flagella
Tiny hairs on cell surfaces that work together to move cells or fluids.
Cilia
