Organelles - form & function

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Double membrane bound with pores through it

Contains nucleolus and DNA

Allows eukaryotic cells to seperate the activities of gene transcription and translation

Question 2

RER

Answer 2

A series of flattened connected membranous stacks

Has bound ribosomes

Plays a central role in the synthesis and transport of polypeptides

Bound ribosomes make the polypeptides and release it to the inside of the ER

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

2 subunits that come together to form a functioning structure

80s in eukaryotes, 70s in prokaryotes, mitochondria, chloroplast

Can be “free” floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the ER

No membrane

Catalyses the synthesis of polypeptides during translation

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

Multiple stacked, flattened membranous sacs

Modifies polypeptides into their functional state

Sorts, concentrates and packs proteins into vesicles

Question 4

Vesicles

Answer 4

Single membrane bound sacs

Contain and transport materials within cells

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

Small spherical single membrane bound sacs

Contains enzymes which break down cellular waste and debris

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Surrounded by a double membrane

Inner membrane folded into Cristal to increase surface area

Adapted for production of ATP energy by aerobic cellular respiration

Question 7

Cell membrane

Answer 7

Phospholipid bilayer

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Double membrane bound

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs the sun’s energy for photosynthesis