Organelles & Compartmentalisation Flashcards
Define cell organelle.
Organelles are discrete subunits of cells that are adapted to perform specific functions.
True or False?
The cell membrane is not an organelle.
False.
The cell membrane is an organelle.
Name three components of the cell that are not considered organelles.
Three components of the cell that are not considered organelles are the cell wall, cytoskeleton and cytoplasm.
What are three organelles in a typical animal cell?
Organelles in a typical animal cell include:
the nucleus
vesicles
ribosomes
the plasma membrane
Which new techniques allowed the study of the function of individual organelles? (NOS)
The invention of ultracentrifuges methods for cell fractionation allowed the study of the function of individual organelles.
Which organelle allows the separation of the processes of transcription and translation?
The nucleus allows the separation of the processes of transcription and translation.
What is the advantage of separating the nucleus and cytoplasm into separate compartments, with reference to transcription and translation?
The advantage of separating the nucleus and cytoplasm is that post-transcriptional modification of mRNA can happen before the mRNA meets ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
True or False?
Prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
True.
Prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is free in the cytoplasm. This means that mRNA may immediately meet ribosomes during transcription and translation, instead of being separated by the nuclear membrane.
What are the advantages of compartmentalisation in the cytoplasm of cells?
The advantages of compartmentalisation in the cytoplasm of cells are:
the separation of incompatible biochemical processes, such as lysosomes and phagocytic vacuoles
the correct concentrations of enzymes and metabolites to be present within specific regions for specific metabolic processes and reactions
Cell wall
Not an organelle
Function: encloses and protects plant cells
Cytoskeleton
Not an organelle
Function: maintains cell shape, anchors organelles, facilitates cell movement
Cytoplasm
Not an organelle
Function: the region where most of the metabolic reactions in the cell occur
Nucleus
Organelle
Function: genetic control
Vesicles
Organelle
Function: storage and transport
Ribosomes
Organelle
Function: protein synthesis
