Organelles (biochemistry)

Question 1

eukaryotic vs prokaryotic

Answer 1

e: has nucleus P: doesnt

Question 2

cytoplasmic organelles

Answer 2

organelles that float in cytoplasm

Question 3

Plasma membrane

Answer 3

barrier that keeps the cell in tact. According to the fluid mosaic model, its made up of a double layer of lipids that have one hydrophobic end and one hydrophilic end. They have very weak intermolecular forces in between them and are therefore constantly moving, able to repare any holes in the barrier. Interdispered are proteins that a) keep the structure of the barrier and b) have some functions like
- recognizing cells/intruders
- helps mainain the shape (attached to cytoskeleton)
-mediates some other processes man idk

Question 4

cell wall (animal vs plant vs fungi

Answer 4

animals dont have a cell wall, they all have the plasma membrane but the cell wall is made of cellulose (or chritin for fungi) and adds extra support

Question 5

Nucleus (structure, purpose)

Answer 5

“brain” of the cell.
structure:
Nuclear envelope, a thin membrane protecting the inners/separating from rest of the cell. Nuclear pores made of protein (small molecules like water pass through freely, macromolecules (like RNA) are controlled.
Nucleolus: suspended in the nucleoplasm, contains genetic information (RNA, chromatins (protein/DNA),
Nuclear lamina: connects cytoskeleton and nucleolus

Question 6

ribosomes (structure, location, purpose)

Answer 6

• attached ribosomes (on the rough er) package proteins for export from the cell (receive rNA from the nucleus, know how to make proteins (polypeptides) proteins are sent out in vesicles.
• free floating ribosomes synthesize proteins for internal use
• eukaryotic cells have different ribosomes than prokaryotes. IE. medicine is able to kill viruses/bacteria because it targets certain ribosomes

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

attached to nuclear membrane. ribosomes attached to RER create polypeptides (peptides) they are passed through the lumen into the golgi.
Smooth er manufacture lipids

Question 8

Golgi apparatus (whats it responsible for)

Answer 8

synthesizes macromolecules (carbohydrates = sugars, needed for ATP). further packages proteins and lipids for distribution (membranes, lyssosme, excretion)

Question 9

Vacuole (tonoplast)

Answer 9

tonoplast surrounds vacoule like a cell wall….acts like a membrane that lets things in/out. Vacoule stores water,sugar,proteins, enzymes

Question 10

Peroxisme

Answer 10

vacoule that contains enzymes, gets rid of excess fatty acids

Question 11

Lysozyme

Answer 11

vacoule that contains enzymes, gets rid of dead parts of cell

Question 12

mitochondria (whats in it, whats it made of, important function)

Answer 12

‘power house of the cell’. Creates ATP using aerobic respiration (energy is created via the oxidation process?). Matrix = fluid
Cristae= folds

Question 13

oxidative phosphoryliation

Answer 13

final step of the aerobic respiration, uses electrons somehow

Question 14

Chloroplast (structure whats in it)

Answer 14

stores energy in the form of sugar (carbohydrates). Inside the membrane it contains disks called thykloids, that contain lumen and chlorophyl)

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

system of fibers within the cell.
MICROTUBES: hollow tubes of protein, maintain cell shape and move organelles, assist in cell division.
INTERMEDIATE DILAMENTS: rods of spiraling protein, maintains shape, anchors organlles.
MICROFILIMANTS: double strand of actin (protein) maintains cell shape, involced in muscle contractions, and helps with cell division

Question 16

Cilia and flagella

Answer 16

cilia: plural
flagella: singular

Question 17

centrioles

Question 18

biggest differences between animal and plant cells