Organelles (biochemistry) Flashcards
eukaryotic vs prokaryotic
e: has nucleus P: doesnt
cytoplasmic organelles
organelles that float in cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
barrier that keeps the cell in tact. According to the fluid mosaic model, its made up of a double layer of lipids that have one hydrophobic end and one hydrophilic end. They have very weak intermolecular forces in between them and are therefore constantly moving, able to repare any holes in the barrier. Interdispered are proteins that a) keep the structure of the barrier and b) have some functions like
- recognizing cells/intruders
- helps mainain the shape (attached to cytoskeleton)
-mediates some other processes man idk
cell wall (animal vs plant vs fungi
animals dont have a cell wall, they all have the plasma membrane but the cell wall is made of cellulose (or chritin for fungi) and adds extra support
Nucleus (structure, purpose)
“brain” of the cell.
structure:
Nuclear envelope, a thin membrane protecting the inners/separating from rest of the cell. Nuclear pores made of protein (small molecules like water pass through freely, macromolecules (like RNA) are controlled.
Nucleolus: suspended in the nucleoplasm, contains genetic information (RNA, chromatins (protein/DNA),
Nuclear lamina: connects cytoskeleton and nucleolus
ribosomes (structure, location, purpose)
- attached ribosomes (on the rough er) package proteins for export from the cell (receive rNA from the nucleus, know how to make proteins (polypeptides) proteins are sent out in vesicles.
- free floating ribosomes synthesize proteins for internal use
- eukaryotic cells have different ribosomes than prokaryotes. IE. medicine is able to kill viruses/bacteria because it targets certain ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
attached to nuclear membrane. ribosomes attached to RER create polypeptides (peptides) they are passed through the lumen into the golgi.
Smooth er manufacture lipids
Golgi apparatus (whats it responsible for)
synthesizes macromolecules (carbohydrates = sugars, needed for ATP). further packages proteins and lipids for distribution (membranes, lyssosme, excretion)
Vacuole (tonoplast)
tonoplast surrounds vacoule like a cell wall….acts like a membrane that lets things in/out. Vacoule stores water,sugar,proteins, enzymes
Peroxisme
vacoule that contains enzymes, gets rid of excess fatty acids
Lysozyme
vacoule that contains enzymes, gets rid of dead parts of cell
mitochondria (whats in it, whats it made of, important function)
‘power house of the cell’. Creates ATP using aerobic respiration (energy is created via the oxidation process?). Matrix = fluid
Cristae= folds
oxidative phosphoryliation
final step of the aerobic respiration, uses electrons somehow
Chloroplast (structure whats in it)
stores energy in the form of sugar (carbohydrates). Inside the membrane it contains disks called thykloids, that contain lumen and chlorophyl)
Cytoskeleton
system of fibers within the cell.
MICROTUBES: hollow tubes of protein, maintain cell shape and move organelles, assist in cell division.
INTERMEDIATE DILAMENTS: rods of spiraling protein, maintains shape, anchors organlles.
MICROFILIMANTS: double strand of actin (protein) maintains cell shape, involced in muscle contractions, and helps with cell division
