Organelles and Functions Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
Controls the entry and exit of substances into the cell.
Has phospholipid bilayer and protein embedded in it: Fluid mosaic.
Nucleus
Control centre of cell and surrounded by nuclear envelope. Contains DNA of cell and is site of DNA replication. DNA exists as Chromatin.
Nucleolus
Inside nucleus and synthesises ribsomes.
Cytoplasm
Water solution containing dissolved substances, enzymes and organelles.
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell and site of aerobic respiration. Provides all energy cell requires - active cells like muscles will have greater numbers.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (in general)
Series of membrane folds that connect to nuclear envelope. Space between folds is filled with fluid, which transports substances within cell.
Smooth ER
Synthesises and processes lipids
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes. Processes proteins produced by ribosomes.
Golgi body/apparatus
Flattened sacs that produces vesicles. All substances produced by smooth and rough ER are processed and packaged in Golgi body.
Ribosomes
Tiny organelles that either float free in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER. Site where proteins are synthesised.
Lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes that need to be kept separate from the rest of the cell by a membrane. Use to digest invading cells or even destroy the cell itself if needed.
🌱 Cell Wall
Made of cellulose which allows it to be flexible and strong. Support’s plant cell’s shape and stop from bursting.
🌱 Chloroplasts
Surrounded by double membrane, contains the light-absorbing pigment chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place in thylakoid membranes.
🌱 Vacuole
Plants have a central large vacuole which acts as storage. Keeps cell turgid (swollen and round.)
🐕 Centrioles
pair of minute cylindrical organelles involved in the development of spindle fibres for cell division.
