Organelles Flashcards
Learn all about cells
What is an organelle
An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to do in the cell
What is the role of a cell wall
Function:
The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength andprotectionagainst mechanical and osmotic stress. It also allows cells to develop turgor pressure, which is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.
Structure
Mainly made up of cellulose, a carbohydrate that gives it rigidity
What is the role of the Cell membrane
Function:
Theplasmamembrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions. One is totransport nutrientsinto the cell and also totransporttoxic substances out of the cell.
Structure:
Semi permeable
What is the role of the nucleus
Function:
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of thecell(e.g.,growthandmetabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli are small bodies often seen within the nucleus.
What is the role of the vacuole
Function:
Vacuole, in biology, a space within acellthat is empty ofcytoplasm, lined with a membrane, and filled with fluid. Performing functions such asstorage, ingestion, digestion, excretion, and expulsion of excesswater.
Structure:
Consists of a fluid-filled sac bounded by a single membrane called the tonoplast
Contains cell sap storage
What is the role of the cytoplasm
The jelly like fluid that fills the cell
Function:
Thecytoplasmis a fluid-like substance present between thecell membraneand nucleus. It is mainly composed of water, as well as some organic and inorganic substances. Thecytoplasmcontains a network of threads and microtubules that help the cell to maintain its shape and form.
Structure:
It is made up mostly of water and salt
Contains all the organelles and cell parts
Has a cytosol which is part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles
What is the role of ribosomes
Responsible for making molecules of amino acids to form proteins
what is the role of the mitochondria
Mitochondria are membrane-boundcellorganelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemicalenergyneeded to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemicalenergyproduced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What is the role of the chloroplast
Function:
Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in plant and algal cells.
Structure:
Inner and outer membrane with an empty intermediate space in between
Inside the chloroplast are stacks of thylakoids, called grana, as well as stoma, dense fluid inside of the chloroplast
These thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that is necessary for the plant to go through photosynthesis
What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Function:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
Structure:
Series of connected flattened secs, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm eukaryotic cells has surface ribosomes
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Function: Its mainfunctionis the synthesis of lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates, as well as the metabolism of exogenous substances, such as drugs or toxins. Structure: No surface ribosomes Membrane- bound network
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus
The golgi apparatus is a membrane bound organelle found in most cells. It is responsible for packagingproteinsinto vesicles prior tosecretionand therefore plays a key role in the secretory
