Organelles

Question 1

non-membranous organelles

Answer 1

not enclosed by membrane. touch cytosol. i.e-cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes

Question 2

membranous organelles

Answer 2

surrounded by cell membrane. i.e- endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria

Question 3

cytoskeleton

Answer 3

internal protein framework. gives cytosol strength and flexibility

Question 4

microfilaments (definition)

Answer 4

smallest part of cytoskeleton. made of actin (protein).

Question 5

microfilaments (function)

Answer 5

1) anchor cytoskeleton to membrane proteins. 2) determine cytosol consistency

Question 6

intermediate filaments (definition)

Answer 6

middlest part of cytoskeleton & most durable

Question 7

intermediate filaments (function)

Answer 7

1) help maintain cell shape. 2) stability to organelle and cell placement

Question 8

microtubules (definition)

Answer 8

largest part of cytoskeleton. hollow. made of tubulin (protein)

Question 9

microtubules (function)

Answer 9

anchor position of major organelles. change cell shape and help cell move. help organelles move within cell

Question 10

thick filaments

Answer 10

made of myosin

Question 11

microvilli

Answer 11

small, finger shaped projections of plasma membrane. cover surface of cell to help absorb materials (i.e. digestive tract)

Question 12

centrosome

Answer 12

region of cytoplasm next to nucleus. heart of cytoskel region

Question 13

centrioles (definition)

Answer 13

pair of cylindrical structures surrounded by centrosome. forms basal body.

Question 14

centrioles (function)

Answer 14

1) direct movement of chromosomes. 2) organize cytoskeleton

Question 15

cilia

Answer 15

anchored by basal body. beat rhythmically to move fluid across cell surface

Question 16

ribosomes

Answer 16

translation in protein synthesis (rRNA). 1) large and small sub-units. 2) internal use (free) and protein synthesis (fixed)

Question 17

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

membranes inside of the cell. contains smooth and rough ER

Question 18

Smooth ER (SER)

Answer 18

synthesize fatty acids, phosopholipids, and steroids

Question 19

Rough ER (RER)

Answer 19

contains ribosomes. stores proteins & transports them to golgi complex.

Question 20

golgi apparatus

Answer 20

processes, sorts, packages, & directs proteins and lipids

Question 21

lysosomes

Answer 21

filled with digestive enzymes (hydrolytic). autolysis injured cells

Question 22

perxisomes

Answer 22

smaller than lysosomes. filled with neutralizing enzymes (catalase) to neutralize toxins

Question 23

mitochondria

Answer 23

ATP production thru aerobic respiration. Parts 1) matrix - fluid contents. 2) cristae - folds in inner membrane

Question 24

nucleus

Answer 24

largest and center of all cell operations. surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane)

Question 25

pernicular space

Answer 25

space between membranes in nuclear envelope

Question 26

nuclear pores

Answer 26

openings in nuclear envelope to cytoplasm

Question 27

contents of nucleus

Answer 27

supportive nuclear matrix, 1+ nucleoli, chromosomes

Question 28

nucleoli

Answer 28

synthesize rRNA, assemble ribosomal units to exit nuclear pores

Question 29

genetic code

Answer 29

“language” used for cell storage system

Question 30

triplet code

Answer 30

3 nucleotides = 1 amino acid. must be read in 3’s

Question 31

gene

Answer 31

contains all triplets needed to code specific polypeptide

Question 32

gene activation initiated by

Answer 32

RNA polymerase binds to gene

Question 33

transcription

Answer 33

synthesis of RNA from DNA template (forms mRNA to go to cytoplasm)