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Exam 1 Information > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Components

A

Porins

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2
Q

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Components

A
  • Electron transport chain
  • Cytochrome C
  • Mitochondrial ATP Synthase (F1 subunits, lollipops)
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3
Q

Matrix Components

A
  • Tricarboxylic Acids (Kreb’s) Cycle enzymes
  • Mitochondrial (circular) DNA
  • Mitochondrial Ribosomes
  • Matrix Granules (Ca++)
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4
Q

RER Function

A

Synthesis of Proteins destined for

  • Secretion
  • Isolation from cytosol
  • Insertion into membranes

Core Glycosylation

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5
Q

Cell types rich in ER

A

Protein Secreting Cells

  • Plasma cells
  • Hepatocytes
  • Pancreatic Acinar Cells
  • Fibroblasts
  • Chrondroblasts
  • Osteoblasts

Protein-Storing Cells

  • Macrophages
  • Osteoclasts
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6
Q

SER Function

A
  1. Synthesis of Steroids
  2. Lipid Metabolism
  3. Synthesis of Glycogen
  4. Drug Detoxification
  5. Ca++ Sequestration and Release
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7
Q

Cell types rich in SER

A
  1. Steroid Secreting Cells
    a. Adrenal Cortical Cells
    b. Leydigs Cells (Testis)
    c. Granulosa Cells (Ovary)
  2. Active Metabolic Cells
    a. Hepatocytes
    b. Adipocytes
  3. Muscle Cells
    a. Skeletal Muscle
    b. Cardiac Muscle
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8
Q

Golgi function

A

Packaging
-of sequestered proteins and other secretory products

Glycosylation
-of proteins and other cell products

Sulfation
-of Proteins and other cell prodcuts

Vesicle formation
-for transport and secretion

Targeting
-of vesicles for intracellular transport

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9
Q

Cell Types Rich in Golgi Complex

A

Protein Secreting Cells

  • Plasma cells
  • Hepatocytes
  • Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Matrix-Secreting Cells

  • Fibroblasts
  • Chrondroblasts
  • Osteoblasts

Protein-Storing Cells

  • Macrophages
  • Osteoclasts
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10
Q

Lysosomal Enzyme

A

Acid phosphatases

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11
Q

Cells Rich in Lysosomes

A

Phagocytic Cells

  • Macrophages
  • Neutrophils
  • Osteoclasts
  • Kupffer Cells

Active MetabolicCells
-Hepatocytes

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12
Q

Peroxisomes are also known as:

A

mirobodies

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13
Q

Function of Peroxisomes

A
  • Lipid metabolism (Convert fats to carbohydrates)

- LH202 Metabolism (Detoxification of potentially harmful molecules which form in the cells)

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14
Q

Peroxisomal enzymes

A

H2O2 Synthesis

  • Urate oxidase
  • Hydroxyacid oxidase
  • D-Amino Acid oxidase

H202 Degredation
-Catalase

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15
Q

Cell Types Rich in Peroxisomes

A
  1. Steroid Secreting Cells
    a. Adrenal Cortical Cells
    b. Leydigs Cells (Testis)
    c. Granulosa Cells (Ovary)
  2. Active Lipid Metabolic Cells
    a. Hepatocytes
    b. Adipocytes
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16
Q

What is cholesterol used for?

A

Used to help move different cells closer or further from each other.

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17
Q

Membrane lipids

A

Phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol

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18
Q

Carbohydrate on the cellular membrane

A

covalently linked to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids) are also a part of cell membranes, and function as adhesion and address loci for cells.

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19
Q

Nonpolar (Organic) molecules

A

Steroids
Glycerol
Small Alchohols
Fat-Soluble Vitamins

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20
Q

Steps of Active Transport

A 
A. Transported molecule binds to site on
     transporter (transmembrane integral 
     protein)
B.  Inorganic phosphate (Pi) generated 
     by ATPase binds to, and activates, 
     transporter protein
C. Conformational change of 
     transporter protein, releasing 
     transported molecule and Pi
C. Conformational change of 
     transporter protein, releasing 
     transported molecule and Pi
21
Q

Membrane trafficking: What does SNARE stand for? Do SNAREs use energy?

A

SNARE stands for Soluble NSF Attachment Protein REceptor

Uses GTP

22
Q

Smooth ER vs Rough ER

A

Rough ER

  • Cell membranes
  • Parallel cisternae
  • Ribosomes

Smooth ER

  • Cell membranes
  • Tubulovesicular cisternae
  • No ribosomes
23
Q

Lipid Droplet Function

A

Storage Depot

  • Chemical energy
  • raw materials for lipid synthesis
  • Vitamins

Neutral Lipids

  • Fatty Acids
  • Fat-Soluble Vitamins (ADEK)
24
Q

Cells Rich in Lipid Droplets

A
  1. Steroid-Secreting Cells
    a. Adrenal Cortical Cells
    b. Leydig Cells (Testis)
    c. Granulosa Cells (Ovary)
  2. Active Lipid Metabolic Cells
    a. Hepatocytes (Liver)
    b. Mammary Secretory Cells
  3. Lipid-Storing Cells
    a. Adipocytes
    b. Ito Cells (Liver)
    c. Sebaceous Gland Secretory Cells
25
Q

Glycogen Granule function

A

Storage Depot

  • chemical energy
  • raw materials for polysaccharide synthesis
26
Q

Cells rich in Glycogen granules

A

Hepatocytes
Muscle Cells
Neutrophils

27
Q

Melanin Pigment Function

A 
Absorb UV light
Absorb Free Radicals
Protect DNA of Dividing Cells
Absorb Excess Light
-Reduce Visual Noise
28
Q

Cell Types Rich in Glycogen Granules

A
  1. Melanocytes (Skin)
  2. Pigment Epithelium (Retina)
  3. Substantia Nigra Neurons (Brain)
29
Q

Microfilaments

A

essential for movement

30
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

enables cell to withstand mechanical stress; tensile strenght

31
Q

Microtubules

A

Creates tracks within the cell for movement of structures to the periphery; anchor organelles to one another; form permanent structure; move chromosomes

32
Q

Miicrofilament

A

-F-actin consists of double-helical, linear array of globular (G) actin monomers.

33
Q

Microfilaments-Profilin

A

turnover and restructuring of actin

34
Q

Microfilaments: Formins

A

Assist in concentration of g-actin in the polymerizatoin

35
Q

Microfilaments: Gelsolin

A

severing and/or capping of F-actin

36
Q

Microfilaments: Phalloidin

A

Prevents depolarization. Used to identify actin

37
Q

Microfilaments: Integrin

A

signaling and adhesive role

38
Q

Microvilli

A

Contains parallel microfilaments at their core

Core microfilaments insert into terminal web microfilaments in the apical cytoplasm

39
Q

Spectrin

A

associated with red blood cells. It is also a protein that helps connect actin and myosin , Helps stabilize the red blood cell. Helps cause contractions to decrease the size of the cell. The myosin, along with the actin, will cause contraction to decrease the cell size. When it decreases with the size, the microvilli spreads out a little bit. Helps to increase and expose surface area.

40
Q

Microfilament Function

A
  • Contraction
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell shape changes
  • Cell motility
41
Q

Cell Types Rich in Microfilaments

A
  1. Muscles
    - Skeletal muscle (thin filaments)
    - Cardiac muscle (thin filaments)
    - Smooth Muscle (microfilaments)
  2. Motile Cells
    - Macrophages (microfilaments)
    - Neutrophils (microfilaments)
  3. Mitotic Cells
    - Cytotokinesis (cleavage furrow)
    - Housekeeping Proteins (actin- all cells)
42
Q

Function of intermediate filaments

A

-Structural scaffolding
-Maintain cell shape
-Resist cell deformation
=Reinforce cell attachment

43
Q

Intermediate filaments: Types/Components

A 
Cytokeratin/Epithelial cells
Vimentin/Connective tissue cells
Desmin/Muscle cells
Neurofilament Protein/ Neurons
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)/ Glial Cells (Astrocytes)
44
Q

Colchine

A

Prevents microtubule assembly by binding tubulin heteroimer

45
Q

Kinesin

A

Walks towards cell surface (plus end)

46
Q

Vinblastine and Vincristing

A

Aggregate tubulin and prevent microtubule assembly

47
Q

Nocodazole

A

Causes depolymerrization of existing microtubules

48
Q

Taxol

A

Binds to microtubules and prevents depolymerization

Exam 1 Information (14 decks)

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