Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Cell and Molecular Biology > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organelles are membrane-bound compartments within the cell that have –

A

specialized functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

organelles help with cellular organization and – by ensuring that specific reactions have specific organelles in which to occur

A

efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

organelles and other structures, but not the – are contained within the cytoplasm

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cytoplasm encompasses the space between the – and the nucleus

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

liquid portion of the cell

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cytosol consists of water, –, ions, and waste and it can be the site of a variety of chemical reactions within the cell

A

nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

all eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus that houses the genetic material in form of –

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

outer boundary of the nucleus is referred to as the – and keeps the contents of the nucleus separate from the rest of the cell

A

nuclear membrane/envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nuclear membrane has – that allow certain substances to enter and exit the nucleus

A

pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

make the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) needed to produce ribosomes

A

nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ribosomes are made from rRNA and –

A

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a ribosomes consists of one large subunit and one small subunit that are assembled when – is needed

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ribosomes can be found loose in the –

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

free ribosomes and membrane-bound ribosomes are identical in structure and function but they differ in the – that are being made

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

make proteins that are destined to function in the cytosol, mitochondria, chloroplast or nucleus

A

free ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

make proteins that will be translocated into the ER lumen or into the ER membrane (depending on the protein structure) and either function within the ER membrane, lumen of an organelle or can be released

A

membrane-bound ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

consists of several organelles within the eukaryotic cell that work together as a unit to synthesize and transport molecules within the cell

A

endomembrane system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

folded network of membrane-bound space that has the appearance of a maze

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rough ER has – on the surface

A

bound ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

while the rough and smooth ERs are – their functions are distinct

A

connected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

produce lipids needed by the cell

A

smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in the liver, smooth ER produces –

A

detoxifying enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ribosomes produce proteins that enter the rough ER where they will be – and moved to the smooth ER

A

chemically modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the combined contents of the smooth and rough ER are then shipped by vesicles to the – for sorting

A

Golgi complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tiny pieces of membrane that will break off and carry the contents of the ER throughout the endomembrane system

A

vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

in the Golgi complex, molecules are further modified, repackaged, and – for their eventual destination

A

tagged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

contents of the Golgi complex leave via vesicles and many of them will be moved to the – for secretion out of the cell

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

large, membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes used to break down any substances that enter it

A

lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

process of cells taking in molecules by enclosing them in a vesicle pinched off of the cell membrane

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

pH of lysosome must be –

A

acidic

31
Q

lysosomes contain – H+ pumps that pump H+ ions into the lysosome, causing it to become more acidic

A

ATP driven

32
Q

lysosomes’ membrane proteins are highly – to protect them from proteases

A

glycosylated

33
Q

in some cases, cells purposefully rupture their lysosomes in an attempt to commit cellular suicide in a process known as –

A

apoptosis

34
Q

type of vacuole found within the endomembrane system that digest fatty acids and amino acids

A

peroxisomes

35
Q

peroxisomes can also degrade – a metabolic waste product to water and oxygen gas

A

hydrogen peroxide

36
Q

energy producing organelle

A

mitochondria

37
Q

mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane and contain their own – distinct from the one in the nucleus

A

DNA

38
Q

T/F: mitochondria can self-replicate

A

true

39
Q

– is composed of three types of fibers that exist within the cytoplasm

A

cytoskeleton

40
Q

one type of hollow fiber, made of the protein tubulin, that is responsible for structural support and the maintenance of cell shape

A

microtubules

41
Q

microtubules also provide – that allow for the movement of organelles within the cell

A

tracks

42
Q

during cell division, – are used to help direct chromosomes through the cell

A

microtubules

43
Q

made of protein actin, they assist with cellular movement

A

microfilaments

44
Q

the – of filaments vary from one cell type to the next

A

composition

45
Q

typically form a network throughout the cytoplasm and are anchored at the plasma membrane at specific points where the – from one cell is in contact with the - from another

A

intermediate filament

46
Q

primary purpose of the intermediate filaments is – for the cell

A

four classes of structural support

47
Q

four class of intermediate filaments = keratin filaments, vimentin filaments, neurofilaments, and –

A

nuclear lamins

48
Q

hairlike structures on the surface of some cells that move in synchronized motion

A

cilia

49
Q

cilia on the surface of cells lining the respiratory tract constantly – in an attempt to catch and remove bacteria and particles that may enter the respiratory tract

A

move

50
Q

some animal cells, such as sperm, which essentially act as tails to allow for movement

A

flagella

51
Q

plant cell wall is composed of – and serves to protect the cell from its environment and from desiccation

A

cellulose fiber

52
Q

chloroplasts are similar to mitochondria in that they have their own DNA and –

A

replicate independently

53
Q

plant cell’s reserve storage for water, nutrients, and waste products

A

large central vacuole

54
Q

T/F: central vacuole typically takes up the majority of space within a plant cell

A

true

55
Q

purpose of the cell (plasma) membrane to form a – barrier between the cell and its outside environment

A

selectively permeable

56
Q

membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer scattered with –

A

proteins

57
Q

phospholipid head is composed of a glycerol and – that carries a charge

A

phosphate group

58
Q

phospholipid head is

A

hydrophilic

59
Q

tails of the phospholipid are composed of – that are not charged and are hydrophobic

A

fatty acids

60
Q

phospholipids – arrange themselves in a bilayer where the heads align themselves towards the inside and outside of the cell where water is located

A

spontaneously

61
Q

phospholipids are dynamic and rapidly move – within within one plane of the membrane

A

laterally

62
Q

phospholipids will rarely – to the opposite plane which is energetically unfavorable

A

flip

63
Q

there are proteins called – that will flip a phospholipid from one plane to the other if this is required by the cell

A

flippases

64
Q

T/F: many molecules are capable of moving through the plasma membrane

A

true

65
Q

T/F: nonpolar molecules can travel across the plasma membrane

A

true

66
Q

while O2 and N2 are easily cross the membrane because they are – and –

A

small and nonpolar

67
Q

ethanol and water are also able to cross the membrane even though they are –

A

polar

68
Q

the more important factor in determining whether or not a molecule will cross the lipid bilayer, in addition to the size limitation, is the – of the molecule

A

charge

69
Q

charged molecules and – will not pass through the bilayer regardless of size

A

ions

70
Q

K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl- will not pass through the membrane without the aid of a – or transporter even though they are smaller than O2, N2, ethanol, and water

A

protein channel

71
Q

regulates the fluidity of the membrane

A

cholesterol

72
Q

proteins within the cell membrane that contain carbohydrates on the surface

A

glycoproteins

73
Q

lipids within the cell membrane that contain carbohydrates on the surface

A

glycolipids

74
Q

glycoproteins and glycolipids often serve as identifying markers or – for the cell

A

antigens

The Cell and Molecular Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions