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Anatomy&Physiology Exam 1 > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Centriole

A

A cylindrical intracellular organelle composed of nine tubes of microtubules, three in each group (9+0 array); functions in mitosis or meiosis by organizing the microtubules of the spindle apparatus

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2
Q

Chromatid

A

One complete copy of a DNA strand and its associated nucleoproteins

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3
Q

Chromatin

A

A histological term referring to the grainy material visible in cell nuclei during interphase; the the appearance of the DNA content of the nucleus when the chromosomes are uncoiled

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Dense structures, composed of tightly coiled DNA strands and associated histones, that become visible visible in the nucleus when a cell prepares to undergo mitosis or meiosis; normal human somatic cells each contain 46 chromosomes

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5
Q

Cilium/cilia

A

Slender organelles that extend above the free surface of an epithelial cell. Multiple motile cilia generally undergo cycles of movement and are composed of a basal body and microtubules in a 9+2 array; a nonmotile, primary cilium acts as an environmental sensor, and has microtubules arranged in a 9+0 array

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6
Q

Cisterna

A

An expanded or flattened chamber derived from and associated with the ER

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The material between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane; cell content

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of microtubules and microfilaments in the cytoplasm

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9
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm

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10
Q

DNA molecule

A

Two DNA strands wound in a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous base pairs

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11
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of membranous channels in the cytoplasm of a cell that function in intracellular transport, synthesis, storage, packaging, and secretion

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12
Q

Gene

A

A portion of a DNA strand that functions as a hereditary unit, is located at a particular site on a specific chromosome, and codes for a specific protein or polypeptide

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13
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A cellular organelle consisting of a series of membranous plates that give rise to lysosomes and secretory vesicles

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14
Q

Histones

A

Proteins associated with the DNA of the nucleus; the DNA strands are wound around them

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15
Q

Lysosomes

A

An intracellular vesicle containing digestive enzymes

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16
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

RNA formed at transcription to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

17
Q

Microfilaments

A

Fine protein filaments visible with the electron microscope; components of the cytoskeleton

18
Q

Microtubules

A

Microscopic tubules that are part of the cytoskeleton and are a component in cilia, flagella, the centrioles, and spindle fibers

19
Q

Microvilli

A

Small, fingerlike extensions of the exposed plasma membrane of an epithelial cell

20
Q

Mitochondrion

A

An intracellular organelle responsible for generating most of the ATP required for cellular operations

21
Q

Nucleolus

A

The dense region in the nucleus that is the site of RNA synthesis

22
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Fluid content of the nucleus

23
Q

Nucleoproteins

A

Proteins of the nucleus that are generally associated with DNA

24
Q

Nucleus

A

A cellular organelle that contains DNA, RNA, and proteins; in the CNS, a mass of gray matter

25
Q

Organelle

A

An intracellular structure with a specific function or group of functions

26
Q

Peroxisome

A

A membranous vesicle containing enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide

27
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A cell membrane; also called a plasmalemma

28
Q

Polyribosome

A

Several ribosomes linked by their translation of a single mRNA strand

29
Q

Ribonucleic acid

A

A nucleic acid consisting of a chain of nucleotides that contain the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

30
Q

Ribosome

A

An organelle that contains rRNA and proteins and is essential to mRNA translation and protein synthesis

31
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

A membranous organelle that is a site of protein synthesis and storage

32
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

A membranous organelle in which lipid and carbohydrate storage and synthesis occur

33
Q

Spindle apparatus

A

Microtubule-based structure that distributes duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell during mitosis

34
Q

Vesicle

A

A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a cell

Anatomy&Physiology Exam 1 (10 decks)

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