organelles

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Located in Cytoplasm

Controls all activities in cell

Contains genetic material (DNA)

‘brain’

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Dense structure in the nucleus

Aka ‘little nucleus’

Makes ribosomes

‘Factory’

Question 3

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 3

Double membrane around the nucleus

Aka nuclear envelope

Protects content of nucleus

Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

Question 4

Nuclear Pore

Answer 4

On nuclear membrane

Allows materials (ribosomes) in and out of nucleus

Question 5

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 5

Found in the cell nucleus

Contains genetic information

Question 6

Chromatin vs. Chromosome

Answer 6

when DNA is “loose” like a thread, it is called chromatin

When DNA is “condensed,” it is called chromosomes
-DNA condenses into chromosomes before the cell is about to divide

Question 7

Centrosomes

Answer 7

Aka. microtuble organizing centre

Found in plant & animal cells

In animal cells, centrosomes contain centrioles

In plant cells, centrosomes do NOT contain centrioles

Question 8

Centriole

Answer 8

Animal cell

Assist in cell reproduction by producing spindle fibres (a type of microfilament)

Assists in the formation of cilia and flagella

Question 9

Cilia & Flagella

Answer 9

Attached to outside of cell membrane

Allow cells to move

Cilia are tiny hair-like projections

Flagella are long tail-like projection

only some cells have this (i.e. sperm)

Question 10

Cell Wall

Answer 10

Made of cellulose

Only in plant cells

Protects the cell

Gives shape

Question 11

Plasmodesmata

Answer 11

Channels in cell walls

Allow communication & transport of materials between adjacent cells

Question 12

Cell Membrane

Answer 12

Outer covering of cell

Protects cells

Form barrier between cytoplasm & external environment

Regulates what substances enter or leave the cell

Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

Gelatin-like fluid inside of the cell’s membrane

Nutrients are absorbed, transported, & processed in the cytoplasm

Site of many chemical reactions

Give cell its structure

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Internal framework of the cell

Microfilaments allow organelles & the cell to move

Question 15

Vacuole

Answer 15

Lucid-filled sacs in the cytoplasm

Much larger in plant cells

Stores water, food, waste, starch & other materials

Supports cell

In plants, involved in turgor pressure

Question 16

Chloroplasts

Answer 16

Used for absorption of light

Only in plants

Have their own DNA

Captures sunlight to
produce glucose & oxygen
(via photosynthesis)

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

Bean shaped

Have their own DNA

Breaks down glucose to release energy (ATP), water, & carbon dioxide (via cellular respiration)

ATP is then used by the cell to carry out other activities

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Small spherical structures

Can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to ER

Make proteins

Question 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 19

Connected to nucleus

Network of channels

Carries materials from one part of the cell to another

Question 20

Rough ER

Answer 20

Ribosomes attached to outside

Make proteins and transport molecules

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

Makes lipids

Stores calcium ions

detoxifies cell of drugs

Transports molecules in the cell

Question 22

Golgi Body

Answer 22

Flattened, fluid filled disks

Package proteins, lipid and carbohydrates into small vesicles

Question 23

Vesicles

Answer 23

In cytoplasm

Bubble of liquid (made of different molecules)

Store/ Transports material

Question 24

Lysosome

Answer 24

Spherical sacs

Contain enzymes

Have a pH of approx. 5

Breakdown food particles & worn out cell parts

Can destroy harmful invaders to the cells (i.e bacteria)

“suicide sac”

Question 25

Peroxisomes

Answer 25

Small vesicles in cell (similar to lysosomes)

Breakdown fatty acids & alcohol

Help make cholesterol